Special English By Raj Sir

Names of Pulses:

1. Green Gram – मूंग दाल

2. Lentil, Red Lentil – मसूर

3. Red Gram, Pigeon pea – अरहर

4. Black lentils, Black gram – उड़द की दाल, काली दाल

5. Chickpeas – छोला

6. Black-eyed pea, cowpea – लोबिया

7. Sago – साबूदाना

8. Kidney Beans, Beans – राजमा

9. Moth dal, Turkish gram – मोठ की दाल

12 Dry fruits - अंग्रेज़ी में

1. Apricot - खूबानी

2. Betel-nut - सुपारी

3. Cashew nut - काजू

4. Chestnut - शाहबलू

5. Currant - किशमिश

6. Fig - अंजीर

7. Dates - खजूर

8. Pine nut - चीढ़ की सुपारी

9. Pistachio - पिस्ता

10. Prunes - सूखे बेर

11. Walnut - अखरोट

12. Groundnut - मूंगफली

Independence day Vocabulary:

Words in the Preamble (उद्देशिका) of India:

1. Sovereign = परम/ स्वायत्त

2. Socialist = समाजवादी

3. Secular = धर्म निरपेक्ष

4. Democratic = प्रजातंत्रवादी/लोकतान्त्रिक

5. Republic = गणतंत्र

6. Liberty = स्वाधीनता

7. Equality = समानता

8. Fraternity = भाईचारा

Dairy Products:

1. Cottage cheese - पनीर

2. Buttermilk - छाछ

3. Whipped cream - फेंटी हुई मलाई

4. Yogurt - दही

5. Ice Cream - आइसक्रीम

6. Milk - दूध

7. Milkshake - मिल्क शेक

8. Skimmed milk - मलाईरहित दूध

9. Custard - कस्टर्ड

10. Sour cream - खट्टी मलाई

11. Dipping sauce - एक प्रकार की चटनी

12. Butter - मक्खन

16 Shapes:

1. Circle - गोला

2. Triangle - त्रिकोण

3. Square - चौकोर

4. Rectangle - समकोण

5. Moon - चांद

6. Star - सितारा

7. Pentagon - पंचकोण

8. Hexagon - षट्कोण

9. Octagon - अष्टभुज

10. Rhombus - विषमकोण

11. Cross - गुणा या धन का निशान

12. Trapezoid - विषम चतुर्भुज

13. Arrow - तीर

14. Oval - अंडाकार

15. Heart - दिल

16. Parallelogram - समानांतर चतुर्भुज

Parts of a plant:

The plant body consists of two basic parts: the shoot system and the root system. (पौधे के दो हिस्से होते हैं: shoot system और root system)

- The shoot system includes organs such as leaves, buds, stems, flowers, and fruits and usually it develops above ground.

1. Stamens, and Carpel: Stamen - the male fertilizing organ of a flower, typically consisting of a pollen-containing anther and a filament. Carpel - the female reproductive organ of a flower, consisting of an ovary, a stigma, and usually a style. (यह दोनों फूल के अंदर पाये जाते हैं, और रिप्रोडक्शन का काम करते हैं)

2. Apical bud: The bud located at the top of the plant. (पौधे पर सबसे उप्पर लगी हुई काली)

3. Node: the part of a plant stem from which one or more leaves emerge, often forming a slight swelling. (पौधे का तना जिससे अनेक पत्तियां उभरती हैं)

4. Internode: a part of a plant stem between two of the nodes from which leaves emerge. (जहां से पत्तियाँ उगती है उन दो गाँठों के मध्‍य के पेड़ के तने का भाग)

5. Axillary bud: A bud that grows from the axil of a leaf and may develop into a branch or flower cluster. (एक कली जो पत्ती के कोण से बढ़ती है और डाली या फूल का गुच्छा बन जाती है)

6. Leaf: पत्ती

7. Blade: the broad, thin part of a leaf apart from the stalk. (पत्ती का पतला सा हिस्सा)

8. Petiole: the stalk that joins a leaf to a stem. (डाली जोकि पत्ती को तने से जोड़ती है)

- The root system of a plant constantly provides the stems and leaves with water and dissolved minerals. In order to accomplish this the roots must grow into new regions of the soil.

9. Taproot: a straight tapering root growing vertically downwards and forming the centre from which subsidiary rootlets spring. (मुख्य जड़)

10. Lateral roots: They serve to anchor the plant securely into the soil. (जो पौधे को मिट्टी में सुरक्षित रूप से रखती हैं)

Pet Animals:

1. Dog - कुत्ता

2. Cat - बिल्ली

3. Cow - गाय

4. Fish - मछली

5. Goat - बकरा

6. Budgerigar - also known as the common parakeet or shell parakeet and informally nicknamed the budgie, is a small, long-tailed, seed-eating parrot. (चहचाहने वाला एक छोटा पंछी)

7. Canary - a small, yellow bird that is well known for its singing, sometimes kept as a pet. (एक गानेवाला पक्षी)

8. Macaw - a large long-tailed parrot with brightly coloured plumage, native to Central and South America. (एक प्रकार का तोता)

9. Pigeon - कबूतर

10. Parrot - तोता

11. Sheep - भेड़

12. Buffalo - भैंस

13. OX - बैल

14. Yak - याक

15. Horse - घोड़ा

16. Rat - चूहा

17. Tortoise - कछुआ

18. Rabbit - खरगोश

19. Chick - चूज़ा

20. Guinea Pig - गिनी पिग

21. Camel - ऊंट

22. Duck - बतख

23. Hamster - a small animal covered in fur with a short tail and large spaces in each side of its mouth for storing food. Hamsters are often kept as pets. (वह चुहे की जाति का एक जानवर जिसके जबडों में जालीदार थैलियाँ होती है और वह इनमें अनाज भर कर जाडे के लिए अपने बिल में इकठ्ठा करता है)

24. Zebra finch - a small Australian bird with black and white stripes on the face, popular as a cage bird. (एक चिड़िया जिसके ज़ेबरा जैसे चिन्ह होते हैं)

Types of doctor

1. Cardiologist (हृदय रोग विशेषज्ञ) - Specialize in the study and treatment of the heart and the many diseases and issues related to it

2. Dermatologist (त्वचा विशेषज्ञ) - Study skin and the structures, functions and diseases related to it

3. Dentist (दंत चिकित्सक) - Dentists work with the human mouth, examining teeth and gum health

4. Gynecologist (स्त्री रोग विशेषज्ञ/ प्रसूतिशास्री) - Gynecologists work with the female reproductive system to assess and prevent issues that could potentially cause fertility issues.

5. Neurologist (तंत्रिका विज्ञानी) - Neurologists deal with the nervous system and its disorders. It includes the brain and the spinal cord.

6. Oncologist - ( कर्करोग / कैन्सर विशेषज्ञ) - Oncologists focus on the treatment and prevention of cancer in terminal and at-risk patients.

7. Pediatrician (बच्चों का चिकित्सक) - Pediatricians work with infants, children, and adolescents regarding a wide variety of health issues

8. Urologist (मूत्र विज्ञानी) - Urologists specialize in issues related to the urinary system, such as urinary tract infections.

9. Orthopedic surgeons (हड्डियो का सर्जन): medical doctors who specialize in bone, muscle, and joint surgery.

10. ENT Specialist (कान, नाक, गले का डॉक्टर) - ENT Specialists concentrate in areas related to the Ear, Nose, and Throat, and sometimes even ailments related to the neck or the head.

Measure Words:

1. A loaf of bread - एक पावरोटी

2. A piece of paper - पेपर का एक टुकड़ा

3. A slice of pizza - pizza का एक हिस्सा

4. A bolt of lightening - बिजली की चमक

5. A deck of cards - ताश के पत्तों की गड्डी

6. A bunch of bananas - केले का गुच्छा

7. A tube of toothpaste - टूथपेस्ट की एक ट्यूब

8. A gallon of gasoline - गैसोलीन का एक गैलन

9. A kilo of sugar - एक किलो चीनी

10. A can of pepsi - पेप्सी का डिब्बा

11. A box of cereal - अनाज का डिब्बा

12. A bowl of soup - सूप का कटोरा

13. A tub of margarine - मक्खन का टब

14. A bar of soap - साबुन की टिकिया

15. A carton of milk - दूध का बक्सा

Sports Verbs:

1. Hit (गेंद को मारना) - propel (a ball) with a bat, racket, stick, etc. to score runs or points in a game.

2. Pitch (गेंद को फेंक कर पहुँचाना) - a delivery of the ball by the pitcher.

3. Throw (फेकना) - propel (something) with force through the air by a movement of the arm and hand.

4. Catch (गेंद पकड़ना) - intercept and hold (something which has been thrown, propelled, or dropped).

5. Pass (अपनी टीम के खिलाड़ी को गेंद देना) - (in soccer, rugby, and other games) kick, hit, or throw (the ball) to another player of one's own side.

6. Serve (गेंद को मारना, अक्सर इसी से खेल शुरू होता है) - (in tennis and other racket sports) an act of hitting the ball or shuttlecock to start play.

7. Bounce (वापिस आना) - a rebound of a ball or other object.

8. Dribble (खेल में गेंद को मारते हुए आगे की तरफ ले जाना) - (in soccer, hockey, and basketball) take (the ball) forwards past opponents with slight touches of the feet or the stick, or (in basketball) by continuous bouncing.

9. Shoot (गेंद को मारना goal करने के लिए) - (in football, hockey, basketball, etc.) kick, hit, or throw the ball or puck in an attempt to score a goal.

10. Stretch (कसरत करना) - an act of stretching one's limbs or body.

11. Hop (एक पैर पे कूदना) - (of a person) move by jumping on one foot.

12. Skip (रस्सी कूदना) - jump over a rope which is held at both ends by oneself or two other people and turned repeatedly over the head and under the feet, as a game or for exercise.

13. Lie down (लेट जाना) - to move into a position in which your body is flat, usually in order to sleep or rest.

14. Kick (पैर से मारना) - strike or propel forcibly with the foot.

15. Kneel (घुटने टेकना) - to go down into, or stay in, a position where one or both knees are on the ground

Glasses

1. Champagne flute (एक लम्बा पतला गिलास जिसमें शैम्पेन पीते हैं): a tall, narrow glass with a long stem, used for drinking champagne.

2. Wine glass (गिलास जिसमें वाइन पी जाती है): a glass with a stem and foot, used for drinking wine.

3. Cocktail glass / Martini (एक गिलास जिसमें कॉकटेल पी जाती है): a stemmed glass with an inverted cone bowl.

4. Water goblet (एक पानी पीने का बरतन जिसमें हैंडल नहीं होते): a bowl-shaped drinking vessel without handles.

5. Beer mug (एक गिलास जिसमें से बियर पीते हैं): a glass of a standard size with a handle, to drink beer from.

6. High ball glass (एक लम्बा गिलास जिसमें ड्रिंक पीते हैं): A tall, straight-sided glass tumbler in which a long mixed drink may be served

7. Collins glass (एक लम्बा पतला गिलास जोकि highball glass से लम्बा होता है): It is cylindrical in shape and narrower and taller than a highball glass.

8. Shot glass (एक छोटा गिलास जिसमें मदिरा देते हैं): a small glass used for serving spirits.

9. Pint glass (एक गिलास जिसमें beer का pint दिया जाता है): a glass that holds a pint (of beer, etc.)

10. Schooner (एक बड़ा बियर का गिलास): a large beer glass

11. Margarita (एक बड़ा गिलास जिसमें cocktail देते हैं): this slightly larger and rounded cocktail glass has a broad-rim for holding salt, ideal for margaritas (a cocktail consisting of tequila, triple sec, and lime or lemon juice).

12. Juice glass (एक गिलास जिसमें जूस देते हैं): a glass used for serving juice.

Airport Vocabulary Words

1. Passenger - यात्री

2. Meal - भोजन

3. Tray - जिस पर रख कर खाना खाते हैं

4. Seat belt - सुरक्षा पेटी

5. Aisle seat - सीट जो गलियारे पर हो

6. Window seat - सीट जो खिड़की पर हो

7. Window blind - खिड़की को ढकने वाला

8. Lavatory - शौचालय

9. Emergency exit - आपातकालीन निकास

10. Flight Attendant - जो विमान में यात्रियों की सुविधा का ध्यान रखते हैं

11. Life preserver - एक जैकेट जोकि आपातकालीन स्तिथी के लिए रखा जाता है

12. Conveyor belt - जोकि सामान को एक जगह से दूसरी जगह पहुंचाने के काम आती है

13. Baggage claim - जहाँ से लोग अपना विमान में रखा गया सामान ले सकते हैं

14. Check in: विमान में बैठने से पहले टिकट लेना, सामान की सुरक्षा जांच करना

15. Porter: जो आपका सामान एक जगह से दूसरी जगह लेजाने में मदद करता है.

16. Luggage trolley: एक ट्राली जिस पर आप अपना सामान रख कर ले जा सकते हैं

17. Metal detector: सुरक्षा जांच के समय यदि कोई metal का पता लगाने के काम आता है

18. Boarding pass: विमान में बैठने के लिए पास जिसपर सीट नंबर और अन्य यात्रा की जानकारी होती है

How to lay a table:

1. Place a dinner plate in the centre of the setting and lay forks to the left of the plate and knives and spoons to the right. (खाने की प्लेट को बीच में रखें, और फोर्क प्लेट के बायीं तरफ, और चाक़ू और चम्मच दायीं तरफ रखें.)

Tip: Knife blades should be facing towards the plate and fork prongs facing upwards. (चाकू का ब्लेड प्लेट की तरफ होना चाहिए और फोर्क के कांटे उप्पर की तरफ होने चाहिए)

2. Lay dessert fork and spoon above the place setting with the fork pointing to the left and the spoon above the fork with its handle pointing to the right. (मीठा खाने के लिए फोर्क और चम्मच इस तरह रहे कि फोर्क बायीं तरफ हो और चम्मच फोर्क के उप्पर हो, और उसका हैंडल दायीं तरफ.)

3. Place side plates to the left of the setting. (साइड प्लेट बायीं तरफ रखें)

4. If serving soup, place the soup bowl on top of the dinner plate. (यदि सूप serve करें तो उसका दोना प्लेट के उप्पर रखें)

5. If you are folding your napkin in a simple way then place it on the side plate. (नैपकिन प्लेट के बायीं तरफ रक्खें)

6. If you are folding it in a more complex way then put it in the centre of the setting or on the side plate. (यदि नैपकिन को अलग तरीके से रख रहे हों तो बीच में रखें या साइड प्लेट पर रखें)

7. Place a water glass and wine glass to the right of the place setting just above the table knife. (पानी का और वाइन का गिलास दायीं तरफ रखें, चाक़ू के ठीक ऊप्पर.)

8. If serving both red and white wine include a glass for each. (यदि white और red wine दोनों serve कर रहे हों तो दोनों के लिए गिलास रखें)

Types of oils:

1. Sunflower Oil - सूरजमुखी का तेल

2. Coconut Oil - नारियल का तेल

3. Groundnut Oil - मूँगफली का तेल

4. Mustard Oil - सरसों का तेल

5. Canola Oil - सफेद सरसों का तैल

6. Olive Oil - जैतून का तेल

7. Extra Virgin Olive Oil - अतिरिक्त शुद्ध जैतून का तेल

8. Rice Bran Oil - चावल से बना तेल

9. Sesame Oil - तिल का तेल

10. Grapeseed Oil - अंगूर के बीज का तेल

11. Palm Oil - ताड़ का तेल

12. Avocado Oil - रुचिरा का तेल

13. Cottonseed Oil - बिनौले का तेल

14. Hemp Oil - भाँग का तेल

15. Walnut Oil - अखरोट का तेल

Road Vocabulary Words

1. Lane - गली

2. Pavement/ sidewalk - फ़ुटपाथ

3. Street - रास्ता

4. Road - सड़क

A street normally has shops/stores or houses along both sides of it which facilitates public interaction. (रास्ता जिसके दोनों तरफ अक्सर दुकाने होती हैं और घर होते हैं)

A road route or way on land between two places that has been paved to allow travel by transport. (सड़क जिसपर वाहन चल सकें)

Road पर दुकान और घर हों यह जरूरी नहीं है, लेकिन street के दोनों तरफ दुकानें और घर होते हैं, यह अक्सर शहरी जगहों पर देखा जा सकता है.

5. Highway / main road - प्रमुख मार्ग

6. Expressway - चौड़ा रास्ता

7. Toll - यातयात कर

8. Crossroads /intersection - दोराहा/चौराहा

9. Dead end - बंद गली

10. Underpass - सुरंग

11. Flyover - सड़क के ऊपर पुल

12. Roundabout - यातायात परिपथ

13. Manhole - नाले का मुंह जिसमें से आदमी उतर सके

14. Pedestrian crossing - पैदल पार पथ

15. Crosswalk/ zebra crossing - सड़क पर बनी चौड़ी सफ़ेद पट्टियाँ

Women's Shoes:

1. Slingback: एक जूता जिसपर पट्टा (जोकि पैर के टखने पर आता है) होता है

2. Mules: एक जूता जिसपर कोई पट्टा नहीं होता

3. Pumps: इन जूतों में कोई पट्टा या lace नहीं होती

4. Flats: जिनमें कोई heel नहीं होती

5. Clogs: एक जूता जिसका जूते का तलवा अक्सर मोटा होता है

6. Peep toes: एक जूता जिसमें से पैर का अंगूठा दीखता है

7. Stilettos: जिसकी पतली और लम्बी heel होती है जोकि जूते के पिछले हिस्से से जुडी होती है

8. Wedges: एक जूता जिसकी लम्बी और मोटी heel होती है जोकि जूते के पूरे तलवे से जुड़ी होती है

9. Platform Heels: इनमें अक्सर 3 से 10 कम की मोटी heel होती है

10. Kitten heels: एक तरह की छोटी stiletto heel

11. Slippers: चप्पल

12. Loafers: एक चमड़ी का जूता जिसमें कोई हील नहीं होती

13. Sandals: एक हल्का जूता जिसमें पट्टियां होती है जो जूते के तलवे पर जुडी होती हैं

14. Jelly beans: जूते जो जैल्ली जैसे दिखते हैं

15. Flip-flops: ये अक्सर हल्के होते हैं और plastic या rubber के बने होते हैं, और इनमें दो पट्टियां होती हैं

16. Moccasins: एक हल्का चमड़ी का जूता जिसमें heel नहीं होती

17. Trainers: एक मुलायम sports shoe जोकि अनौपचारिक अवसरों पर भी पहना जा सकता है

18. Boots: एक जूता जोकि टखने और कभी कभार पैर को भी cover करता है

19. Cowboy boots: boots जिनपर अक्सर सजाने के लिए सिलाई करी जाती है

20. Hiking boots: जो अक्सर पहाड़ों जैसी जगह पर trekking करते वक़्त पहने जाते हैं

21. High-tops: एक जूता जोकि पैर और टखने को भी cover करता है

Parts of the leg:

1. Calf: पिंडली

2. Heel: एड़ी

3. Arch: पैर के तलवे का हिस्सा जो ज़मीन को नहीं छूता

4. Foot: पैर

5. Thigh: जांघ

6. Knee: घुटना

7. Shin: पिंडली

8. Ankle: टखना

9. Toe: पैर की अंगुली

10: Sole: पैर का तलवा

Parts of the hand:

1. Wrist - कलाई

2. Knuckle - अंगुली का जोड़

3. Fingernail - नाखून

4. Thumb - अंगूठा

5. Index finger/Forefinger - तर्जनी

6. Middle finger - मध्यमिका

7. Ring finger - अनामिका

8. Little finger - कनिष्ठिका

9. Palm - हथेली

Animal Body Parts:

1. Whiskers - बिल्ली की मूंछें

2. Beak - चोंच

3. Horns - सींग

4. Antlers - बारहसिंगे के शाखादार सींग

5. Fangs - नुकीले दांत

6. Tusks - हाथीदांत

7. Wings - पंख

8. Hump - कूबड़

9. Shell - सीप

10. Trunk - सूँढ

11. Mane - बाल

12. Fins - पंख

13. Gills - गलफड़ा

14. Flippers - मछली का पंख

15. Antennae - कीडों के मूंछें

16. Paws - पंजे

17. Hooves - खुर

18. Tentacles - मूंछ

[16/02 19:59] rajrz903: Hotel Vocabulary Words:

1. Reservation: होटल में कमरा बुक करना

2. Front desk: होटल में जाते ही जिसपर हम जानकारी लेते हैं

3. Check in: होटल के रूम में बुकिंग करवाने के बाद जाने का समय

4. Check out: होटल से जाने का समय

5. Lobby: प्रवेश कक्ष

6. Concierge: द्वारपाल

7. Elevator: लिफ्ट

8. Bellhop/ Bellman: जो होटल में सामान एक जगह से दूसरी जगह पहुँचाता है

9. Housekeeper: नौकरानी

10. Room service: कमरे की सेवाएं; होटल के कमरे में किसी काम के लिए

11. Wake-up call: सुबह उठना हो तो उसके लिए कॉल करवाना

12. Key card: जिस कार्ड से रूम खुलता है

Bathroom Vocabulary Words:

1. Sink: जहाँ हाथ धोते हैं

2. Faucet: नल

3. Plunger: नाली साफ़ करने वाला औजार

4. Toilet brush: शौचालय साफ़ करने वाला ब्रश

5. Wastepaper basket: रद्दी कागज डालने की टोकरी

6. Laundry basket: जिसमें मैले कपड़े डालते हैं

7. Bath towel: नहाने के बाद इस्तेमाल करने वाला टॉवल

8. Hand towel: हाथ धोने के बाद इस्तेमाल करने वाला टॉवल

9. Face towel: मुंह धोने के बाद इस्तेमाल करने वाला टॉवल

10. Towel rack: जिसपर टॉवल टाँगे जाते हैं

11. Bath mat: नहाने के बाद पैर पोंछने के लिए मैट

12. Shower curtain: shower लेने की जगह पर लगा कर्टेन

 Punctuation Marks

. Period / Full stop (पूर्ण विराम)

used to end a sentence. For example: I am going to the market.

, comma (अल्पविराम)

used to mark a brief pause in the sentence, usually at a point where you would naturally pause if you were speaking rather than writing. For example: Bring an ice cream, a bread, and some cookies from the market.

... ellipses (दीर्घवृत्त)

An ellipsis makes up for a missing piece of text, or allows for a pause in writing. For example: You went to the restaurant. And...?

: colon (अपूर्ण विराम)

A colon means "that is to say" or "here's what I mean." For example: He got what he worked for: he really earned that promotion.

; semi-colon (अर्धविराम)

Semicolons separate things. Most commonly, they separate two main clauses that are closely related to each other but could stand on their own as sentences if you wanted them to

Here's an example: I have a big test tomorrow; I can't go out tonight.

[] Square brackets (वर्गाकार कोष्ठक)

used to enclose words added by someone other than the original writer or speaker, typically in order to clarify the situation: He [the police officer] can’t prove they did it.

() Parentheses (कोष्टक)

Round brackets (also called parentheses, especially in American English) are mainly used to separate off information that isn’t essential to the meaning of the rest of the sentence. For example: Mount Everest (in the Himalayas) is the highest mountain in the world.

! Exclamation mark (विस्मयादिबोधक चिह्न)

expresses excitement. It is also used to express surprise, astonishment, or any other such strong emotion. For example: I won the tournament!

? Question Mark (प्रश्न चिन्ह)

The question mark is used at the end of a direct question. For example: Where are you going?

' Apostrophe (अक्षर लोप)

The apostrophe is used to form possessives (e.g., Jack's car, Sam's house)

/ Slash ('या' बताने के लिए)

Often, when a slash is used in a formal or informal text, it is meant to indicate the word 'or'. For example: Bring some white/brown bread.

" " Quotation Marks (उद्धरण चिह्न)

used to show a speaker’s words written down exactly as they were spoken. In American English, the rule is to use double quotation marks: "What time will he arrive?" she asked.

- Hyphen (समास चिह्न)

joins two or more words together. For example: up-to-date

* asterisk (तारा चिह्न)

Used to refer readers to a note at the bottom of a page of text.

– en dash

used to connect values in a range or that are related. A good rule is to use it when you're expressing a "to" relationship. Examples where an en-dash should be used:

1. in years 1939–1945

[16/02 19:24] rajrz903: 12 INSECTS:

1. Beetle - झींगुर

2. Ant - चींटी

3. housefly - मक्खी

4. Grasshopper - टिड्डा

5. Ladybird - लाल-काली चित्तियों वाला कीट

6. Dragonfly - व्याध-पतंग

7. Honeybee - मधु मक्खी

8. Spider - मकड़ी

9. Moth - कपड़े का कीड़ा

10. Mosquito - मच्छर

11. Wasp - ततैया

12. Cockroach - तिलचट्टा

Royal family vocabulary:

1. King (राजा): the male ruler of an independent state, especially one who inherits the position by right of birth.

2. Queen (रानी): the female ruler of an independent state, especially one who inherits the position by right of birth.

3. Princess (राजकुमारी): the daughter of a monarch.

4. Prince (राजकुमार): the son of a monarch.

5. Knight (शूरवीर): (in the Middle Ages) a man who served his sovereign or lord as a mounted soldier in armour.

6. Duke (शासक): a male holding the highest hereditary title in the British and certain other peerages.

7. Duchess (शासक की पत्नी): the wife of a duke.

8. Highness (महारानी): a title given to a person of royal rank, or used in addressing them.

9. Count (यूरोपिय देशों में कुलीन व प्रभावशाली व्यक्तियों को दी जाने वाली एक उपाधि): a foreign nobleman whose rank corresponds to that of an earl.

10. Baron (इंग्लैंड का सबसे नीचे के दर्जे का लार्ड): a member of the lowest order of the British nobility. Baron is not used as a form of address, barons usually being referred to as ‘Lord’.

11. Monarch (सम्राट): a sovereign head of state, especially a king, queen, or emperor.

12. Descendant (वंशज): a person, plant, or animal that is descended from a particular ancestor.

13. Reign (राज्य-काल): the period of rule of a monarch.

14. Commoner (साधारण नागरिक): one of the ordinary or common people, as opposed to the aristocracy or to royalty.

15 Musical Instruments:

1. Clarinet – शहनाई

2. Clarion – बिगुल

3. Flute - बांसुरी

4. Tambourine - डफली

5. Sitar - सितार

6. Drum – ढोल, नगाड़ा

7. Piano – पियानो

8. Harmonium – हारमोनियम

9. Drumet – डुगडुगी

10. Conch – शंख

11. Cymbal – झांझ, मजीरा

12. Guitar – गिटार

13. Tabor – तबला

14. Sarod – सरोद

15. Violin – सारंगी, बेला

15 Flowers:

1. Lotus - कमल

2. Rose - गुलाब

3. Marigold - गेंदा

4. Sunflower - सूरजमुखी

5. Orchids - ऑर्किड

6. Dahlia - डाहलिया

7. Jasmine - चमेली

8. Frangipani - चम्पा

9. Gerbera - जरबेरा

10. Hibiscus - गुढ़ल

11. Periwinkle - सदाबहार

12. Daisy - गुलबहार

13. Daffodil - नरगिस

14. Pansy – बनफूल

15. Bougainvillea - बूगनबेल

Bedroom Vocabulary Words:

1. Pillowcase (तकिये की खोल): a removable cloth cover for a pillow.

2. Chest of drawers (बहुत से drawer एक साथ): a piece of furniture used for storage, consisting of an upright frame into which drawers are fitted.

3. Pillow (तकिया): a rectangular cloth bag stuffed with feathers or other soft materials, used to support the head when lying or sleeping.

4. Headboard (bed के उप्पर जो फ्रेम होता है): an upright panel forming or placed behind the head of a bed.

5. Fitted sheet (जोकि गद्दे पर बिछाई जाती है): a fabric sheet with elasticated corners designed to fit tightly over a mattress.

6. Flat sheet (जोकि अलग से bed के उप्पर बिछाई जाती है ओढ़ने के लिए): an ordinary sheet for a bed as distinct from a fitted one.

7. Blanket (कंबल): a large piece of woollen or similar material used as a covering on a bed or elsewhere for warmth.

8. Electric blanket (कम्बल जोकि bed को गरम करने के काम आता है): an electrically wired blanket used for heating a bed.

9. Dust ruffle (जोकि धूल हटाने के काम आता है): a decorative ruffle attached to the rails or springs of a bed and reaching the floor

10. Bedspread (bed के उप्पर सजी हुई चादर): a decorative cloth used to cover a bed when it is not in use.

11. Comforter/quilt (रजाई): a warm bed covering made of padding enclosed between layers of fabric and kept in place by lines of stitching, typically applied in a decorative design.

12. Carpet (क़ालीन): a floor covering made from thick woven fabric.

13. Blinds (खिड़की के लिए स्क्रीन): a screen for a window, especially one on a roller or made of slats.

14. Curtains (पर्दा): a piece of material suspended at the top to form a screen, typically movable sideways along a rail and found as one of a pair at a window.

15. Mattress (गद्दा): a fabric case filled with soft, firm, or springy material, used for sleeping on.

16. Lamp (लैंप): a device that produces light

Birds:

1. Crow – कौवा

2. Cuckoo – कोयल

3. Dove – कपोत

4. Duck – बतख

5. Eagle – चील

6. Kingfisher – राम चिरैया

7. Mynah – मैना

8. Nightingale – बुलबुल

9. Ostrich – शुतरमुर्ग

10. Owl – उल्लु

11. Parrot – तोता

12. Peacock – मोर

13. Pigeon – कबूतर

14. Skylark – चक्रवाक

15. Sparrow – गौरैया

16. Swan – हंस

17. Vulture – गिद्ध

18. Woodpecker – कठफोडवा

17 Farm animals:

1. Bull – बैल

2. Cow – गाय

3. Buffalo – भैंस

4. Bison – भैंसा

5. Calf – बछड़ा

6. Billy goat (Male Goat) – बकरा

7. Nanny goat (Female Goat) – बकरी

8. Stallion (Male Horse) – घोड़ा

9. Mare (Female Horse) घोड़ी

10. Foal – बछेड़ा

11. Pony – टट्टू

12. Boar (Male Pig) – सुअर

13. Sow (Female Pig) – सुअरिया

14. Piglet – सूअर का बच्चा

15. Buck (Male Sheep) – नर भेड़

16. Ewe (Female Sheep) – मादा भेड़

17. Lamb – मेमना

17 Parts of Face:

1. Temple - कनपटी

2. Iris - आंख की पुतली

3. Ear - कान

4. Earlobe - लोलकी

5. Nose - नाक

6. Nostril - नथना

7. Cheek - गाल

8. Teeth - दांत

9. Lower lip - निचला होंठ

10. Chin - ठुड्डी

11. Jaw - जबड़ा

12. Upper lip - ऊपरी होठ

13. Cheekbone - गाल की हड्डी

14. Eyelash - पलकें

15. Eyebrow - भौहें

16. Pupil - आंख की पुतली

17. Forehead - माथा

20 Cooking Processes:

1. Grate - कद्दूकस करना

2. Grill - भूनना

3. Layer - परत लगाना

4. Level - एकबराबर करना

5. Melt - गलाना

6. Pinch - चुटकी भर

7. Pour - उड़ेलना

8. Scramble - भुर्जी बनाना

9. Serve - परोसना

10. Simmer - धीमी आँच पर पकाना

11. Slice - टुकड़े टुकड़े करना

12. Spread - फैलाना

13. Stir - मिलाना

14. Taste - चखना

15. Peel - छिलका उतारना

16. Blend - मिश्रण करना

17. Knead - गूंधना

18. Whisk - फेंटना

19. Slice - टुकड़े टुकड़े करना

20. Strain - छानना

25 Office supplies:

1. Paperclip - पेपर क्लिप

2. Pushpin - नक़्शे की पिन

3. Binder clip - बांधने वाली क्लिप

4. Rubber band - रबर बैंड

5. Staples - स्टेपलर में लगने वाली पिन

6. Glue stick - गोंद

7. Liquid glue - तरल गोंद

8. Scotch tape - चिपकाने वाली टेप

9. Masking tape - एक टेप जो उस हिस्से को ढकती है जहाँ पेंट का इस्तेमाल ना किया गया हो

10. Sealing tape - सील करने वाला टेप

11. Scissors - कैंची

12. Stapler - स्टेपलर

13. Correction pen - कलम जिससे कुछ लिखे हुए के उप्पर चलाया जाता है, लिखा ठीक करने के लिए

14. Highlighter - शब्दों को स्पष्ट करने के लिए चलाने वाला पेन

15. File folder - फाइल रखने के लिए फोल्डर

16. Catalog envelope - सूची लिफाफा

17. Clasp envelope - अकवार लिफाफा

18. Mailer envelope - डाक लिफाफा

19. Legal pad - एक पैड जोकि 8.5 x 14 inch का होता है

20. Carbon paper - जिस से निचले पन्ने पर लिखा हुआ copy हो सके

21. Whiteboard marker - जिस से whiteboard पर लिखा जाता है

22. Envelope - लिफाफा

23. Post-it note pad - छोटे नोट बना के चिपकाने के लिए

24. Calculator - हिसाब की मशीन

25. Memo pad - छोटी चीज़ें लिखने के लिए पैड

12 Natural Disasters:

1. Earthquake - भूकंप

2. Cyclone - चक्रवात

3. Tsunami - सुनामी

4. Blizzard - बर्फानी तूफान

5. Avalanche - हिमस्खलन

6. Tornado - बवंडर

7. Volcanic Eruption - ज्वालामुखी विस्फोट

8. Drought - सूखा

9. Wildfire - जंगल की आग

10. Landslide - भूस्खलन

11. Flood - बाढ़

12. Hailstorm - ओलों का तूफ़ान

16 Types of bread:

1. White bread - मैदे की ब्रैड

2. Wheat bread - गेहूं की ब्रैड

3. Whole grain bread - अनाज की ब्रैड

4. Rye bread - राई की ब्रैड

5. Pretzel - एक प्रकार की ब्रैड जोकि गाँठ जैसी दिखती है

6. Pita bread - एक ब्रैड का पॉकेट जिसमें चीज़ें दाल कर खाते हैं

7. Challah - मैदे की ब्रैड जिसमें अक्सर अंडा होता है

8. French bread - एक लम्बी ब्रैड जोकि बहुत मोटी होती है और भूरे रंग की होती है

9. Croissant - एक आधे चाँद जैसी दिखने वाली ब्रैड, यह अक्सर मीठी होती है

10. Swiss roll - एक प्रकार की मीठा केक

11. Hamburger bun - हैमबर्गर की पाव

12. Hot dog bun - हॉटडॉग का पाव

13. Bagel - एक गोल अँगूठी जैसी दिखने वाली ब्रैड

14. Donut - एक गोल अँगूठी जैसी दिखने वाली मीठी ब्रैड

15. Rolls - गोल लंबी डंडी जैसी ब्रेड जोकि अक्सर मीठी होती है

16. Bread sticks - एक लंबी डंडी जैसी ब्रैड

[16/02 19:42] rajrz903: 17 Household items:

1. Oven - ओवन

2. Refrigerator - फ्रिज

3. Kettle - केतली

4. Dishwasher - बर्तन धोने की मशीन

5. Hotplate - तवा जो बिजली से चलता है

6. Coffee Maker - कॉफ़ी बनाने वाली मशीन

7. Cloth peg - कपड़े टांगने वाली खूँटी

8. Laundry basket - जिसमें मैले कपड़े रखते हैं

9. WC - शौचघर

10. Faucet - नल

11. Soap dispenser - जिसे दबाने से साबुन निकलता है

12. Shower stall - बाथरूम में लगा एक कैबिनेट जिसमें नहाते हैं

13. Water filter - पानी को साफ़/फ़िल्टर करने वाली मशीन

14. Air purifier - हवा को साफ़ रखने वाली मशीन

15. Humidifier - नमी दूर रखने वाली मशीन

16. Vaccum cleaner - जो धूल जैसे छोटे पदार्थों को साफ करने के काम आता है

17. Sponge - पानी सोखने वाला कपड़ा

WhatsApp Friendship Day wishes:

1. You're my brother from another mother! Happy Friendship Day! (तुम मेरे भाई जैसे हो! Happy Friendship Day!)

2. You've always been there for me whenever I needed you, thank you for being there for me! Happy Friendship Day! (जब भी मुझे तुम्हारी ज़रुरत थी तुम मेरे साथ थे, मेरे लिए वहाँ होने के लिए शुक्रिया! Happy Friendship Day!)

3. We might not live in the same city, but whenever I hangout, I think of you! Happy Friendship Day! (हम उसी शहर में न रहते हों लेकिन जब भी मैं बाहर जाता हूँ तुम्हें याद करता हूँ! Happy Friendship Day!)

4. I pray our bond grows stronger with each passing day! Happy Friendship Day! (मैं प्रार्थना करूँगा कि हमारा साथ दिन बा दिन मज़बूत होता रहे! Happy Friendship Day!)

5. I know we've just met, but we are like two peas in a pod! You're so much like me! (मैं जानती हूँ हम अभी ही मिले हैं लेकिन हम दोनों में कितनी समानताएं हैं! हम दोनों एक जैसे हैं!)

6. Whenever I'm with you, I feel like life is one big party! Let's go and celebrate this special day together! Happy Friendship Day! (जब भी मैं तुम्हारे साथ होता हूँ मुझे लगता है ज़िन्दगी एक बहुत बड़ी पार्टी है! आओ आज का दिन साथ बिताएं! Happy Friendship Day!)

7. Cheers to the bond that we share, even though we are miles apart! Happy Friendship Day! (मीलों दूर होने के बावजूद हमारा रिश्ता कितना मज़बूत है! Happy Friendship Day!)

Other names for friends: - दोस्त को अंग्रेज़ी में इन नामो से भी बुलाया जाता है, इनमें कुछ का मतलब अलग है लेकिन ज़्यादातर शब्दों का मतलब अच्छा दोस्त या करीबी दोस्त है

1. Pal

2. Bestie

3. Mate

4. Buddy

5. Amigo

6. BFF

7. CHUM

8. Comrade

9. Confidante - विश्वासपात्र

10. Alter ego - जिगरी दोस्त

11. Ally

Raakhi Vocabulary:

​1. Vase (फूलदान)

2. Puja Rice (पूजा के चावल)

3. Coconut (नारियल)

4. Vermilion (लाल टीका / सिंदूर)

5. Sacred thread (धागा)

6. Siblings (भाई बहन)

7. Bond (रिश्ता)

8. Festive (उत्सव संबंधी)

9. Protect (रक्षा करना)

10. Kin (रिश्तेदार)

11. Affection (स्नेह)

10 Commonly confused words:

1. Further - about the degree (और अधिक)

E.g. The first team has gone furthest in its analysis.

2. Farther - about distance (अधिक दूर)

E.g. The farthest point from the sun.

3. Especially - particularly (खास तौर पर)

E.g. He despised them all, especially Tom.

4. Specially - for a purpose (किसी वजह के लिए)

E.g. A new coat and hat, bought specially for your wedding.

5. Older - comparing ages of people (लोगों की उम्र की तुलना करना)

E.g. This building is older than that one.

6. Elder - comparing ages of the family members (परिवार में लोगों की उम्र की तुलना करना)

E.g. My elder daughter is 11.

7. Altogether - completely, in total (कुल मिलाकर)

E.g. I stopped seeing her altogether.

8. All together - all in one place (सभी एक साथ)

E.g. They arrived all together.

9. Beside - next to (के बगल में)

E.g. He sat beside me in the front seat.

10. Besides - in addition to (के अतिरिक्त)

E.g. I have no other family besides my parents.

10 Playground Vocabulary Words:

1. Slide: a structure with a smooth sloping surface for children to slide down (फिसल पट्टी)

2. Monkey bars: a piece of playground equipment consisting of a horizontally mounted overhead ladder, from which children may swing (एक झूला जिसमे सिर के ऊपर की तरफ क्षैतिज स्थिति में सीढ़ी लगी होती है और बच्चें उस पर लटक कर झूलते है)

3. Jungle gym: a climbing frame for children (बच्चों के चढ़ने के लिए सलाखों से बना एक फ्रेम)

4. Swing: a seat suspended by ropes or chains, on which someone may sit and swing back and forth (झूला)

5. Spring rider: a children's playground item consisting of a large spring beneath a central beam or flange on which the rider sits (एक प्रकार का झूला जिसकी सीट के नीचे spring होता है)

6. Hopscotch: a game in which a child tosses a stone into an area drawn on the ground and then hops through it and back to regain the stone (एक खेल जिसमें ज़मीन पर कुछ चौकोर आकार बनाये जाते हैं, और फिर बच्चें किसी एक चौकोर में पत्थर डालते हैं. फिर लंगड़ी टांग पर दुसरे चौकोरों से कूद कर पत्थर को उठाते हैं)

7. Seesaw: a long plank balanced in the middle on a fixed support, on each end of which children sit and swing up and down by pushing the ground alternately with their feet (एक ऐसा झूला जिसमें 2 तरफ सीट लगी होती है. हर तरफ एक व्यक्ति बैठ सकता है, और फिर अपने वज़न से दोनों व्यक्ति झूले को ऊपर नीचे करते हैं.)

8. Merry-go-round: a revolving machine with model horses or cars on which people ride for amusement (एक झूला जिस पर एक बार में काफी लोग बैठ सकते हैं. ये उन्हें गोल गोल घुमाता है)

9. Sandbox: a box containing sand, especially one kept on a train to hold sand for sprinkling on to slippery rails (बच्चों के खेलने का रेत से भरा बक्सा)

10. Sprinkler: a device used for watering lawns (गार्डन में पानी देने का यंत्र)

Special English By Raj Sir

Measures of Time:

1. Jiffy (बहुत छोटा समय): a very short time; a moment.

E.g. "We'll be back in a jiffy"

2. Split second (संक्षिप्त पल): a very brief moment of time.

E.g. "For a split second, I hesitated"

3. A bit (बहुत छोटा समय): a short time

E.g. "I'll sleep for a bit."

4. A while (कुछ समय के लिए): a period of time.

E.g. "We chatted for a while"

5. Eons (एक लम्बा और अनिश्चित समय ): an indefinite and very long period of time.

E.g. "He reached the crag aeons before I arrived"

6. Ages (एक बहुत लम्बा समय): a very long time.

E.g. "I haven't seen her for ages"

7. A moment (एक पल): a very brief period of time.

E.g. "She was silent for a moment before replying"

8. An instant (क्षण): a precise moment of time.

E.g. "Come here this instant!"

9. Eternity (अनंत काल): infinite or unending time.

E.g. "Their love was sealed for eternity"

Skin problems:

1. Mole (मस्सा): a pigmented spot, mark, or small permanent protuberance on the human body

2. Freckle (चित्ती): any of the small brownish spots in the skin due to augmented melanin production that increase in number and intensity on exposure to sunlight

3. Pimple (मुहांसा): a small inflamed elevation of the skin

4. Acne (मुहांसा): a disorder of the skin caused by inflammation of the skin glands and hair follicles

5. Pigmentation (त्वचा का रंग बदलना) : abnormal colouring of a person's skin, typically resulting from disease

6. Blemish (धब्बा): a small mark or flaw which spoils the appearance of something

7. Rash (लाल चकत्ते): an area of redness and spots on a person's skin, appearing especially as a result of illness

8. Eczema (खाज): a medical condition in which patches of skin become rough and inflamed with blisters which cause itching and bleeding

9. Cyst (पुटी): a growth filled with liquid that forms in or on your body

10. Black head (काला मुहांसा): a small plug of darkened sebum and dead skin cells that fills a pore of the skin especially on the face

11. White head (सफेद मुहांसा): a pale or white-topped pustule on the skin

Telling time:

- The 'seconds' hand, is the thin hand. Every time it moves, a second has gone by. ('Second' की सुई जब भी चलती है मतलब एक सेकंड पूरा हुआ)

- The 'minutes' hand, is a little thick and every time it ticks, a minute has gone by. (मिनट की सुई थोड़ी मोटी होती है, जब भी चलती है मतलब एक मिनट पूरा हुआ)

- The 'hours' hand, is thick too but a little smaller and every time it ticks, an hour has gone by. (घंटे वाली सुई सबसे मोटी होती है, जब वो चलती है मतलब एक घंटा पूरा हुआ)

1. Half past: The standard way to tell the time when it's X:30 is “half past X”. (जैसे समय हुआ है 5:30 (साढ़े पांच) तो आप कहेंगे half past five.)

2. Quarter to: a quarter of an hour is 15 minutes. (जब कोई समय होने में 15 मिनट कम होते हैं, जैसे 12:45 को आप कहेंगे - it is quarter to 1.)

3. Quarter past: 15 mins past the hour. (जब किसी समय के बाद 15 मिनट निकल जाते हैं, जैसे 1:15 समय हुआ हो तो आप कहेंगे - it is quarter past 1.)

4. Noon: midday (दिन के 12 बजे)

5. O'clock: used for indicating position or direction as if on a clock dial that is oriented vertically or horizontally. (दिशा बताना जैसे घड़ी की तरफ इशारा कर रहे हों)

E.g. It is 3 O'clock.

दिन के 12 बजे से पहले का समय a.m. में लिखा जाता है. दिन के 12 बजे के बाद का समय p.m. में लिखा जाता है

6. AM: The time before midday. If it is 6 in the morning, we can say, it is 6 AM. (दिन के 12 बजे से पहले का समय a.m. में लिखा जाता है)

7. PM: The time after midday. If it is 6 in the evening, we can say, it is 6 PM. (दिन के 12 बजे के बाद का समय p.m. में लिखा जाता है)

'To' का इस्तेमाल तब किया जाता है जब समय कितना कम है यह कहना हो; 'Past' का इस्तेमाल तब किया जाता है जब समय कितना ज़्यादा है यह बताना हो

8. Ten to three: 2:50. There are ten minutes left to 3. (इसका मतलब है 3 बजने में 10 मिनट हैं)

9. Ten past three: 3:10. (तीन बजके 10 मिनट)

Tools:

1. Grinder (पीसने का उपकरण): a machine used for grinding something.

"A coffee grinder"

2. Hammer (हथोड़ा): a tool with a heavy metal head mounted at right angles at the end of a handle, used for jobs such as breaking things and driving in nails.

"They work the stone with hammer and chisel"

3. Saw (आरा): a hand or power tool or a machine used to cut hard material (such as wood, metal, or bone) and equipped usually with a toothed blade or disk.

"Cut the wood with a saw"

4. Chisel (छेनी): a long-bladed hand tool with a bevelled cutting edge and a handle which is struck with a hammer or mallet, used to cut or shape wood, stone, or metal.

"Cut away the tiles with a broad-bladed steel chisel"

5. Nail (कील): a small metal spike with a broadened flat head, driven into wood to join things together or to serve as a hook.

"Don't try and hammer nails into the wall"

6. Pulley (चरखा): a piece of equipment for moving heavy objects up or down, consisting of a small wheel

"The blocks of stone had to be lifted into position with a system of pulleys."

7. Shovel (खुरपा): a tool resembling a spade with a broad blade and typically upturned sides, used for moving coal, earth, snow, or other material.

"An area of turf had been dug up by vandals using a pick and shovel"

8. Sickle (दरांती): a short-handled farming tool with a semicircular blade, used for cutting corn, lopping, or trimming.

"The bruise was a dull, greenish sickle of shadow"

9. Axe (कुल्हाड़ी): a tool used for chopping wood, typically of iron with a steel edge and wooden handle.

"I started swinging the axe at the lumps of driftwood"

10. Screw (पेच): a nail-shaped or rod-shaped piece of metal with a winding ridge around its length used for fastening and holding pieces together

"We fastened the rope with a screw"

11. Drill (छेद करने वाली मशीन): a tool or machine with a rotating cutting tip or reciprocating hammer or chisel, used for making holes.

"We need to use a drill to cast a hole"

12. Tongs (चिमटी): an instrument with two movable arms that are joined at one end, used for picking up and holding things.

"Use the tongs for sugar."

Postal Vocabulary Words:

1. Address (पता): the particulars of the place where someone lives or an organization is situated.

"They exchanged addresses and agreed to keep in touch"

2. Addressee (जिसको पत्र लिखा जाए): the person to whom something is addressed.

"The contents of the letters were calculated to cause distress to the individual addressee"

3. Dispatch (जल्दी भेजना): to send off or away with promptness or speed

"Dispatch a letter"

4. Correspondence (चिट्ठी): communication by exchanging letters.

"The organization engaged in detailed correspondence with management"

5. Postal code (डाक कोड): a series of letters or digits or both, sometimes including spaces or punctuation, included in a postal address for the purpose of sorting mail.

"Don't forget to mention your postal code."

6. Freight (जहाज या रेलगाड़ी पर लदा हुआ माल): goods transported in bulk by truck, train, ship, or aircraft.

"A decline in the amount of freight carried by rail"

7. Letterhead (जिस पर पत्र लिखा जाता है): a printed heading on stationery, stating a person or organization's name and address.

"Write to the company's registered office, which you can normally get from their letterhead"

8. Mailman (डाकिया): a postman.

"The mailman would be here soon."

9. Postage (डाक): the sending of letters and parcels by post.

"Proof of postage is required"

10. Stamp (डाक टिकट): fix a postage stamp or stamps on to (a letter).

"Annie stamped the envelope for her"

11. Express delivery (जब कस्टमर को डिलीवरी जल्दी चाहिए होती है तो वह थोड़े ज़्यादा रुपये देकर जल्दी डिलीवर करवा लेता है): Express mail is an accelerated mail delivery service for which the customer pays a surcharge and receives faster delivery.

"If you are in a hurry, choose the option of express delivery."

Family Phrasal Verbs:

1. To grow up (समझदार बनना): to become mature and adult

2. To look up to someone (किसी की इज़्ज़त करना और उनकी प्रशंसा करना): to respect and admire someone

3. To bring someone up (बच्चे को पाल पोस कर बड़ा करना): to raise a child, to give a child particular beliefs

4. To take after someone (किसी के जैसा होना): to resemble in appearance or character

5. To get on with someone (किसी के साथ मित्रवत सम्बन्ध होना): to have a friendly relationship with someone

6. To tell someone off (किसी को फटकारना): to rebuke severely, reprimand

7. To fall out with someone (बहस करना): to have an argument

8. To look after someone (किसी का ख्याल रखना): to take care of someone

9. To get together (साथ में समय बिताना): to spend time together

Rain

a. Drizzle (बूंदा बांदी): light rain falling in very fine drops

b. Shower (मूसलधार बारिश): a brief and usually light fall of rain

c. Downpour (मूसलाधार वर्षा): a heavy fall of rain

d. Flood (बाढ़): an overflow of a large amount of water beyond its normal limits, especially over what is normally dry land

Clouds

a. Cloudy (बादल से घिरा हुआ): (of the sky or weather) covered with or characterized by clouds

b. Gloomy (धुंधला): dark or poorly lit, especially so as to appear depressing or frightening

c. Foggy (कोहरेदार): full of or characterized by fog

d. Overcast (मेघयुक्त): (of the sky or weather) marked by a covering of grey cloud; dull

e. Clear (साफ़): unclouded

Cold

a. Hail (ओला): pellets of frozen rain which fall in showers from cumulonimbus clouds

b. Sleet (ओले के साथ वर्षा): rain containing some ice, as when snow melts as it falls

c. Snow (हिमपात): atmospheric water vapour frozen into ice crystals and falling in light white flakes or lying on the ground as a white layer

d. Snowflake (हिमपात का एक खंड): a small piece of snow that falls from the sky

e. Blizzard (बर्फानी तूफान): a severe snowstorm with high winds

Wind

a. Breeze (हवा): a gentle wind

b. Blustery (तूफ़ानी): (of weather) characterized by strong winds

c. Windy (हवादार): characterized by or exposed to strong winds

d. Gale (झोंका): a very strong wind

e. Hurricane (समुद्री तूफ़ान): a storm with a violent wind, in particular a tropical cyclone in the Caribbean

Temperature

a. Hot (गरम): having a high degree of heat

b. Warm (गरम): of or at a comfortably high temperature

c. Cool (ठंडा): of or at a fairly low temperature

d. Cold (ठंड): of or at a low temperature

e. Freezing (बहुत ठंडा): below 0°C

Other Vocabulary

a. Forecast (भविष्यवाणी): predict or estimate (a future event or trend).

b. Drought (सूखा): a prolonged period of abnormally low rainfall, leading to a shortage of water

c. Lightning (आकाशीय बिजली): the occurrence of a natural electrical discharge of very short duration and high voltage between a cloud and the ground or within a cloud, accompanied by a bright flash and typically also thunder.

d. Thunder (बिजली): a loud rumbling or crashing noise heard after a lightning flash due to the expansion of rapidly heated air

e. Rainbow (इंद्रधनुष)

15 TOOLS - Names in English:

1. Hammer (हथौड़ा): a tool with a heavy metal head mounted at right angles at the end of a handle, used for jobs such as breaking things and driving in nails.

2. Trowel (कन्नी): a small handheld tool with a flat, pointed blade, used to apply and spread mortar or plaster.

3. Screwdriver (पेचकस): a tool with a flattened or cross-shaped tip that fits into the head of a screw to turn it.

4. Pliers (चिमटी): pincers with parallel, flat, and typically serrated surfaces, used chiefly for gripping small objects or bending wire.

5. Tape measure (नापने की टेप): a length of tape or thin flexible metal, marked at graded intervals for measuring.

6. Rake (घास या तृण जमा करने का औजार): an implement consisting of a pole with a toothed crossbar or fine tines at the end, used especially for drawing together cut grass or smoothing loose soil or gravel.

7. Spade (फावड़ा): a tool with a sharp-edged, typically rectangular, metal blade and a long handle, used for digging or cutting earth, sand, turf, etc.

8. Fork (कोई चीज़ उठाने के लिए काँटा): a farm or garden tool with three or four prongs, used for digging or lifting.

9. Level (चीज़ों को एक स्तर पर लाना): an instrument marked with a line parallel to the plane of the horizon for testing whether things are horizontal.

10. File (एक स्तर पर लाने के लिए इस्तेमाल किया जाने वाला औजार): tool for establishing a horizontal plane.

11. Wrench (नट बोल्ट कसने का उपकरण): an adjustable tool like a spanner, used for gripping and turning nuts or bolts.

12. Nail (कील): a small metal spike with a broadened flat head, driven into wood to join things together or to serve as a hook.

13. Screw (चूड़ी वाला पेच): a nail-shaped or rod-shaped piece with a spiral groove and a slotted or recessed head designed to be inserted into material by rotating

14. Clamp (पत्थर जोड़ने का लोहा): a device made of wood or metal that is used to hold two things together tightly

15. Shears (कतरनी): a cutting instrument in which two blades move past each other, like scissors but typically larger.

​Names of spices:

1. Cumin seeds = जीरा

2. Turmeric = हल्दी

3. Cinnamon = दालचीनी

4. Corriander leaves = धनिया

5. Clove = लौंग

6. Black Mustard seeds = राई

7. Black pepper = काली मिर्च

8. Bay leaves = तेजपत्ता

9. Cardamom = इलाइची

10. Fenugreek = दाना मेथी

11. Asafoetida = हींग

12. Fennel seeds = सौंफ

13. Curry leaves = कड़ी पत्ता

14. Poppy seeds = खसखस

15. Seasame seeds = तिल

16. Watermelon seeds = मगज़

17. Dry mango powder = अमचूर

18. Carom seeds = अजवाइन

19. Garlic = लहसुन

20. Nutmeg = जायफल

Business' Phrasal Verbs:

1. To ask around (बहुत से लोगों से एक ही सवाल करना): to ask many people the same question

E.g. “I will ask around to find out who wants to go to lunch together.”

2. To call back (किसी को फ़ोन करना): to return a phone call

E.g. “I called her yesterday and am waiting for her to call back.”

3. To come across (अनअपेक्षित रूप से मिल जाना): to find unexpectedly

E.g. “If you come across my keys while you’re in the break room, please bring them to me.”

4. To drop by (थोड़े समय के लिए मिलने जाना): to visit briefly; to meet without making an appointment first

E.g. “Drop by my office after the meeting so we can discuss this further.”

5. To figure (something) out (जवाब ढूंढना): to find the answer; to understand

E.g. “The solution isn’t clear to me right now. I’ll figure it out and give you the answer later.”

6. To run by/past Definition (किसी की राय लेने के लिए उनसे चर्चा करना): to discuss something with a person for his or her opinion

E.g. “Please run it by Arthur. He has done this type of project before and can let you know how it should look.”

Measure Words:

1. A bar of (एक चक्की) - soap, gold, chocolate

2. A drop of (एक बूँद) - blood, oil, water

3. A cup of (एक कप) - coffee, milk, tea

4. A glass of (एक गिलास) - water, milk, soda

5. A piece of (एक टुकड़ा) - advice, furniture, luggage

6. A carton of (एक डिब्बा) - icecream, milk, juice

7. A bowl of (एक कटोरा) - cereal, rice, soup

8. A grain of (एक दाना) - rice, sand, truth

9. A slice of (एक भाग) - bread, cheese, meat

10. A roll of (एक रॉल) - tape, toilet paper

Idioms:

1. A hot potato (एक ऐसे मुद्दे के बारे में बात करना जिसके बारे में चर्चा हो रही हो और जो विवाद में हो): speak of an issue (mostly current) which many people are talking about and which is usually disputed

E.g. Gun control is a political hot potato.

2. A penny for your thoughts (किसी से पूछना कि वे क्या सोच रहे हैं): a way of asking what someone is thinking

E.g. You have been quiet for a while, a penny for your thoughts.

3. Actions speak louder than words (लोग जो करते हैं उससे उनके इरादों का पता चलता है): people's intentions can be judged better by what they do than what they say.

E.g. Paul made all sorts of promises when he was on the campaign trail. However, actions speak louder than words, so we'll see how many of those promises he actually keeps.

4. Add insult to injury (किसी बुरी स्तिथि को और बुरा बनना): to further a loss with mockery or indignity; to worsen an unfavorable situation.

E.g. To ask our members to accept a pay cut adds insult to injury.

5. At the drop of a hat: (बिना किसी हिचकिचाहट के; तुरंत) without any hesitation; instantly.

E.g. She cries at the drop of a hat.

6. Back to the drawing board (दोबारा प्रयास करना): when an attempt fails and it's time to start all over.

E.g. We need to go back to the drawing board on this project. I think it had some fundamental flaws from the start.

7. Ball is in your court (जब अगला निर्णय लेना आपके हाथ में होता है): it is up to you to make the next decision or step.

E.g. I've done all I can; now the ball's in your court.

Short forms:

1. Advertisement: Ad

(विज्ञापन)

2. Examination: Exam

(परीक्षा)

3. Gasoline: Gas

(गैसोलिन)

4. Gymnasium: Gym

(व्यायाम का स्थान)

5. Laboratory: Lab

(प्रयोगशाला)

6. Mathematics: Math

(गणित)

7. Influenza: Flu

(ज़ुकाम)

8. Photograph: Photo

(तसवीर)

Ways to say - Wait: When you want to ask someone to wait, use these expressions (जब आपको लोगों को इंतज़ार करने के लिए कहना हो तो इन expressions का इस्तेमाल करें)

1. Hang on a moment (एक मिनट रुकना): used to tell someone to wait or to stop for a brief time

E.g. "Aren't you finished yet?"

"Hold on a moment."

2. Give me a minute/second (मुझे एक मिनट/सेकंड दो): used to ask someone to wait for a short period of time.

E.g. Give me a minute, I'll call you back.

3. I'll be right with you (मैं जल्द ही आपके पास होऊँगा): used for saying that someone is coming very soon.

Make yourself at home. I’ll be right with you.

4. You'll just have to be patient (आपको थोड़ा धैर्यवान होना पड़ेगा): when you have to tell someone that something will take time

E.g. You just had a fight, you'll just have to be patient.

5. Sorry, I'm a bit tied up right now (मैं अभी थोड़ा व्यस्त हूँ): when you have to tell someone you're busy and the person should wait

E.g. I'm tied up right now. I'm busy with a client.

6. Give me a chance (मुझे एक मौका दो और थोड़ा समय दो): Please give me a fair chance and enough time to complete the task.

E.g. Alice: Come on! I need more time to finish the test. Give me a chance!

7. Wait and see (इंतज़ार करो और देखो): wait to find out what will happen before doing something.

E.g. We will have to wait and see what happens.

'Fashion' Terms:

1. Appliqué (एक डिज़ाइन जिसमें एक फैब्रिक के उप्पर दूसरा सिला हुआ होता है): A decorative design made of one piece of fabric sewn on top of another.

2. Boxy (बक्सानुमा): Square in shape with minimal tailoring.

3. Cap Sleeves (कंधे से थोडी नीचे होती है): A sleeve that sits in between sleeveless and short.

4. Filigree (चांदी के लेस का काम): Ornamental work of fine wire, usually in silver or gold, with the addition of tiny beads.

5. Gaiter (एक फैब्रिक जोकि जूते के उप्पर पहना जाता है जोकि एड़ी या घुटने तक जाता है): A piece of fabric worn over the shoe, extending to the ankle or the knee.

6. Iridescent (जो फैब्रिक लाइट में अलग अलग रंग का दीखता है): The property of a fabric that appears to change colour as it catches the light.

7. Knife Pleat (चुन्नट): A sharp, narrow fold.

8. Ombré (गहरे से हल्का होता हुआ रंग): A gradual change of one shade from dark to light (also referred to as degradé)

[16/02 18:47] rajrz903: Types of bags:

1. Barrel (बैग जो पीपे जैसा दिखता है): This type of bag, which is great to enhance a casual look, is similar to a barrel in looks with its cylindrical shape.

2. Clutch (यह छोटा और रेक्टेंगल शेप का होता है): The clutch is suited for an evening out, as it’s small and rectangular and looks more like a letter.

3. Duffel (पहले के समय में सेलर्स इसका इस्तेमाल किया करते थे. यह एक बड़ा बाग है जो स्पोर्ट्स या ट्रेवल के लिए इस्तेमाल किया जाता है.): This kind of bag is rather large and often used for sports or travel. In times’ past, sailors would use this kind of bag.

4. Backpack (इस बैग का पूरा सपोर्ट कन्धों पर होता है): This is a bag that the shoulders support; it has double handles and lies on the back. It’s ideal for sportswear (or school).

5. Hobo (जोकि कन्धे से लटकता है): This kind of bag, which is best for daily wearing, is any big bag that hangs off the shoulder and has a key slot closure.

6. Saddle (गद्दी के आकार का बैग): This bag was originally used on saddles, but can be used casually every day.

7. Wristlet (यह clutch जैसा दखता है जिसमें एक strap लगा होता है): This is a clutch-shaped bag that has either a bracelet or leather-looking strap, which enables the wearer to hold the bag freely.

Weather Phrasal Verbs:

1. Brighten up - the sky becomes lighter and the sun starts to shine

2. Cloud over - the sky becomes covered with clouds

3. Clear up - it stops being rainy or cloudy

4. Warm up - to become warmer

5. Cool down - to become cooler

6. Pelt down - fall very heavily

7. Break through - the sun starts to appear from behind the clouds.

'Illness' Phrasal Verbs:

1. Throw up (उलटी करना) - be sick, vomit

E.g. You'll throw up if you keep eating.

2. Coming down with (बीमार होना) - become sick

E.g. I think I'm coming down with a cold.

3. to get over (स्वस्थ होना) - recover from something

E.g. It took me weeks to get over my cold.

4. Pass out (बेहोश होना) - faint, lose consciousness

E.g. I'll pass out if you don't open a window.

5. Fight off (बीमार होने से बचना) - stop yourself from getting ill

E.g. Eat oranges to help fight off a cold.

6. Broken out (कुछ अचानक से दिखने लगता है) - something appears suddenly

E.g. I've broken out in a rash.

'Picture' Idioms:

1. A mixed picture (किसी स्तिथि के सकारात्मक और नकारात्मक पहलुओं को पर प्रकाश डालना): a portrayal of a situation highlighting both positive and negative aspects of its nature or status.

2. Big picture (किसी चीज़ की पूरी कहानी): the whole story of something; a complete view of something.

3. Picture-perfect (दिखने में उत्तम): perfect in appearance or quality

4. A picture paints a thousand words (एक तस्वीर हज़ार शब्दों के बराबर होती है): a picture can express something more clearly or succinctly than words can.

5. Pretty as a picture (बहुत सुन्दर): very pretty

6. Paint a picture (किसी स्तिथि का विशेष तरीके से वर्णन करना): to describe a situation in a particular way

7. Be out of the picture (किसी स्तिथि का हिस्सा न होना): to no longer be a part of a situation.

8. Every picture tells a story (किसी की आँखों में देखने से ही पता चल जाना कि स्तिथि क्या है) : simply observing the scene or the look on one's face will allow one to determine what has taken place.

Exercise Vocabulary Words:

1. March (कदमताल करना): walk in a military manner with a regular measured tread

2. Leap (छलांग मारना): jump or spring a long way, to a great height, or with great force

3. Crouch (बहुत नीचे झुकना): adopt a position where the knees are bent and the upper body is brought forward and down, typically in order to avoid detection or to defend oneself.

4. Stretch (व्यायाम से पहले करि जाने वाली कसरत): straighten or extend one's body or a part of one's body to its full length, typically so as to tighten one's muscles or in order to reach something.

5. Crawl (रेंगना): move forward on the hands and knees or by dragging the body close to the ground.

6. Lean (झुकाव होना): be in or move into a sloping position.

7. Dive (ग़ोता लगाना): plunge head first into water with one's arms raised over one's head.

Entertainment Phrasal Verbs:

1. To be in the limelight (जब आप ध्यान आकर्षित करते हों): When you are in the limelight, you are the centre of attraction.

E.g. Most of our celebrities are desperate to keep themselves in the limelight.

2. Museum piece (जब आप कहना चाहते हों कि कुछ पुराने ज़माने का है): This expression is used to refer to something that is old or old-fashioned.

E.g. My old Fiat has become a museum piece. I am going to buy a new car.

3. The show must go on (मुसीबतों के बावजूद काम चलते रहना चाहिए): This expression suggests that an event must go on even if there are problems.

E.g. From the hospital bed, he went straight to work. After all, the show must go on.

4. To run the show (किसी संस्था का जिम्मा लेना): To run the show is to be in charge of an organization or activity.

E.g. He joined the company as a lower division clerk, but now he is running the show.

5. To sing your heart out (जूनून से गाना): To sing your heart out is to sing with more passion or intensity.

E.g. He only had a small audience; still he sang his heart out.

6. To be star-studded (जब एंटरटेनमेंट इंडस्ट्री से कोई किसी इवेंट में भाग लेता है): If an event is attended by famous people from the entertainment industry, it is often referred to as a star-studded event.

E.g. The award night was a star-studded event.

7. To steal the show (कुछ ऐसा करना जिससे बोहोत प्रशंसा मिले): To steal the show is to do something that will win the greatest praise.

E.g. She stole the show with her marvelous performance.

7 Party Idioms (7 पार्टी सम्बंधित मुहावरें):

1. The life and soul of the party = the person who's at the centre of all parties! (पार्टी की जान होना)

E.g. She's the life and soul of the party.

(वह पार्टी की जान है.)

2. Let your hair down = forget all your inhibitions (संकोच नहीं करना)

E.g. Go on! Let your hair down for once and have a good time.

(चलो! संकोच न करो और अच्छा समय बिताओ)

3. Have a whale of a time = have a great time (मज़े करना या अच्छा समय बिताना)

E.g. We had a whale of a time at Sonia's birthday.

(सोनिया के जन्मदिन पर हमने बहुत मज़े करें.)

4. Paint the town red = have a wild time (अच्छा समय बिताना)

E.g. They painted the town red all weekend.

(उन्होंने वीकेंड पर काफी अच्छा समय बिताया.)

5. A party animal = a person who loves going to parties (वह व्यक्ति जिसको पार्टी में जाना बहुत पसंद हो)

E.g. John is a real party animal. He's never at home.

(जॉन को पार्टी में जाना बहुत पसंद है. वह कभी घर पर नहीं रहता)

6. A wild child = a young adult who goes to lots of parties (एक युवा वयस्क जो कई पार्टियों में जाता है)

E.g. Emma is a bit of a wild child.

(एमा बहुत पार्टी में जाती है)

7. A social butterfly = a person with lots of friends and acquaintances (एक व्यक्ति जिसके बहुत दोस्त और परिचित लोग हो)

E.g. She's a bit of a social butterfly.

(उसके बहुत दोस्त और परिचित लोग हैं)

Body idioms:

1. All ears (पूरी तरह से सुनने वाला): fully listening

E.g. Give me a minute to finish my work and then I'll be all ears to hear about your project.

2. Break a leg (अच्छा सौभाग्य): good-luck

E.g. Today's the big game, eh? Break a leg!

3. Cold feet (कुछ बड़ा होने से पहले बेचैन होना): nervous just before a big event

E.g. My sister didn't get cold feet until she put her wedding gown on.

4. Cost an arm and a leg (बहुत महंगा होना): be very expensive

E.g. These cakes are delicious, but they cost an arm and a leg.

5. Cry your heart out (ज़ोर ज़ोर से रोना): cry very hard

E.g. I cried my heart out when my best friend moved away.

6. Face the music (चीज़ों का सामना करना): meet, stand up to unpleasant consequences, for example, criticism or punishment

E.g. I stayed out all night. When I eventually got home I had to face the music from my wife.

7. (my) flesh and blood (रिश्तेदार): relative

E.g. I have to hire Mia. She's my own flesh and blood.

8. Get something off one's chest (किसी को अपनी तकलीफ़ बताना): tell someone your problems

E.g. Thanks for listening to me complain about my boss. I just needed to get this off my chest.

'Health' related idioms:

1. Alive and kicking (स्वस्थ होना) - to be well and healthy

E.g. My dad is eighty nine years old and is very much alive and kicking

2. Alive and well (स्वस्थ होना) - to be well and healthy

E.g. The boy who got knocked off his bike was alive and well after the accident

3. As fit as a fiddle (शारीरिक रूप से स्वस्थ होना) - to be healthy and physically fit

E.g. Despite being over ninety, my Mom is as fit as a fiddle

4. As pale as a ghost (पीला सा दिखना) - extremely pale

E.g. I went as pale as a ghost when I saw the man’s bloody face

5. As pale as death (बहुत ज़्यादा पीला) - extremely pale

E.g. He went as pale as death when he was diagnosed with cancer

6. At death’s door (मौत के नज़दीक) - very near death

E.g. The footballer was at death’s door after his heart attack

7. Back on one’s feet (दोबारा स्वस्थ होना) - physically healthy again

E.g. Jimmy is back on his feet after a week in bed with flu

'Boredom' Vocabulary Words:

1. Tedious (बहुत लम्बा और धीमा या बोरियत वाला): too long, slow, or dull; tiresome or monotonous.

E.g. A tedious journey.

2. Monotonous (बोरियत वाला और जो दोहराता रहे): dull, tedious, and repetitious; lacking in variety and interest.

E.g. Our trip across the ocean was monotonous.

3. Unimaginative (जिसमें बहुत कल्पना इस्तेमाल न की गयी हो): not readily using or demonstrating the use of the imagination; stolid and somewhat dull.

E.g. The production was plodding and unimaginative.

4. Uneventful (जो मज़ेदार न हो): not marked by interesting or exciting events.

E.g. A place where dull people lead uneventful lives.

5. Insipid (जिसमें कोई स्वाद न हो): lacking flavour; weak or tasteless.

E.g. Mugs of insipid coffee.

6. Unstimulating (जो दिलचस्पी न जगा सके): not arousing interest or enthusiasm.

E.g. His current job is mundane and unstimulating.

7. Lackluster (जो प्रेरणादयक न हो): lacking in vitality, force, or conviction; uninspired or uninspiring.

E.g. No excuses were made for the team's lackluster performance.

8. Humdrum (जिसमें विविधता या उत्साह न हो): lacking excitement or variety; boringly monotonous.

E.g. Humdrum routine work.

9. Mundane (जिसमें उत्साह न हो): lacking interest or excitement; dull.

E.g. His mundane, humdrum existence.

10. Ho-hum (बोरियत वाला): boring.

E.g. a ho-hum script

Driving Vocabulary Words:

1. Pedestrian (पैदल यात्री): a person walking rather than travelling in a vehicle.

2. Walkway (रास्ता): a passage or path for walking along, especially a raised passageway

3. Sidewalk (फ़ुटपाथ): a paved path for pedestrians at the side of a road; a pavement

4. Round about (सारी दिशाओं में): on all sides or in all directions

5. Overtake (अन्य यान से आगे निकलना): catch up with and pass while travelling in the same direction

6. Indicators (संकेतक): a thing that indicates the state or level of something

7. Air bag (जो भिडन्त होते ही यात्री के बचाव के लिए खुल जाते हैं): a safety device fitted inside a road vehicle, consisting of a cushion designed to inflate rapidly and protect passengers from impact in the event of a collision.

8. Fasten (fasten your seat belt) (अपनी सीट बेल्ट बांधना): close or do up securely

9. Pull over (सड़क के साइड पर वाहन को रोकना): (of a vehicle) move to the side of or off the road

10. Break down (वाहन का खराब हो जाना): (of a machine or motor vehicle) suddenly cease to function

11. Road rage (दूसरे वाहन चालक द्वारा उकसाया जाना): sudden violent anger provoked in a motorist by the actions of another driver

12. Rush hour (जब ट्रैफिक सबसे ज़्यादा होता है): a time during each day when traffic is at its heaviest

13. Congestion (भारी ट्रैफिक): overcrowded with traffic

14. Pothole (यातायाता आदि के कारण सड़क की सतह पर हो जाने वाला गड्ढा): a depression or hollow in a road surface caused by wear or subsidence

15. Run over (किसी को मार कर भाग जाना): to hit someone or something with a vehicle and drive over them

Car vocabulary: Parts of a car

1. Headlight (लाइट जो कार के आगे की तरफ होती है): a powerful light at the front of a motor vehicle

2. Tail light (एक लाल लाइट जोकि वाहन के पीछे होती है): a red light at the rear of a motor vehicle, train, or bicycle

3. Wind shield (एक कांच की शीट जोकि यात्रियों की रक्षा करती है): a transparent screen (as of glass) that protects the occupants of a vehicle

4. Indicator (जिस से पता चलता है वाहन दाएं जायेगा या बाएं): a flashing light or (formerly) other device on a vehicle to show that it is about to change lanes or turn

5. Headrest (जोकि सीट के ऊपर लगा होता है जिस पर सर रख सकते हैं): a padded part extending from or fixed to the back of a seat or chair, designed to support the head.

6. Bumper (वाहन के पीछे लगा हुआ होता है जोकि भिडन्त के समय होने वाले नुकसान से बचाता है): a horizontal bar fixed across the front or back of a motor vehicle to reduce damage in a collision

7. Rear view mirror (एक छोटा शीशा जोकि वाहन चालक को पीछे की रोड देखने में या पीछे आ रहे वाहन को देखने में मदद करता है): a small angled mirror fixed inside the windscreen of a motor vehicle enabling the driver to see the vehicle or road behind

8. Side view mirror (जोकि वाहन चालक को वाहन के साइड का हिस्सा देखने में मदद करते हैं): mirror found on the exterior of motor vehicles for the purposes of helping the driver see areas behind and to the sides of the vehicle, outside of the driver's peripheral vision (in the 'blind spot')

9. Trunk (डिग्गी): the boot of a car

10. Tail pipe (वाहन में लगा हुआ exhaust पाइप): the rear section of the exhaust pipe of a motor vehicle

11. Head (आगे का या ऊपर का हिस्सा): the front, forward, or upper part or end of something, in particular

12. Wiper (शीशे को पोंछने वाले वाइपर): a windscreen wiper

13. Dashboard (जिस से पता चलता है कार की गति क्या है, कार ने कितना सफर किया है): the control panel of a car. Contains gauges used to measure speed, distance traveled, etc.

Adjective degrees: avoid using "very"

1. Very hot = boiling / baking (उबलता हुआ)

"It's baking today, isn't it!"

2. Very cold = freezing (जमानेवाला)

"It's absolutely freezing outside."

3. Very wet = soaking / soaked (बहुत गीला)

"We went out in the storm and got soaked!"

4. Very dry = arid / parched (सूखा)

"It gets really arid here in summer."

5. Very interesting = fascinating (आकर्षित करने वाला)

"This book is fascinating. You should read it."

6. Very important = crucial / vital (ज़रूरी)

"His work as a medical researcher is crucial."

7. Very intelligent = brilliant (प्रतिभाशाली)

"She's a brilliant lawyer."

8. Very easy = effortless (सरल)

"He made the dance routine look effortless."

9. Very nice = lovely / wonderful (अद्भुत)

"We had a lovely holiday."

10. Very pretty = beautiful (सुन्दर)

"We stayed in a beautiful town."

11. Very neat = immaculate (साफ़ सुथरा)

"Her house is absolutely immaculate."

12. Very clean = spotless (बेदाग)

"The hotel kitchen was spotless."

13. Very dirty = filthy / disgusting (गंदा)

"The restaurant bathroom was absolutely filthy."

14. Very hungry = famished / starving (भूखों मारना)

"What's for dinner? I'm starving!"

15. Very good = excellent (अति उत्कृष्ट)

"Her son got an excellent mark in his exam."

16. Very bad = awful / terrible (भयानक)

"I feel terrible. I think I ate something bad."

17. Very tired = exhausted (थका हुआ)

"They were exhausted after their journey."

18. Very sad = depressed (उदास)

"She was depressed after losing her job."

19. Very happy = ecstatic / over the moon / overjoyed (अति आनंदित)

"I was over the moon when I heard the news."

20. Very small = tiny (बहुत छोटा)

"Our house is tiny!"

21. Very big = enormous / huge (विशाल)

"They have an enormous dog. He's quite scary!"

22. Very afraid = terrified / petrified (बहुत डरा हुआ)

"When I felt the earthquake I was terrified."

23. Very angry = furious (अति क्रुद्ध)

"His teacher was furious with him."

24. Very old = ancient (a thing), elderly (a person) (पुराना, बूढ़ा)

"My car is absolutely ancient!"

"His parents are a little elderly."

25. Very funny = hilarious (उल्लासपूर्ण)

"She told a hilarious story about her time as an au-pair."

[16/02 19:04] rajrz903: Body Movements Vocabulary Words:

1. Eyes

a. Wink (आँख मारना): close and open one eye quickly, typically to indicate that something is a joke or a secret or as a signal of affection or greeting

b. Blink (आँख झपकाना): shut and open the eyes quickly

2. Mouth

a. Hum (गुनगुनाना): a low, steady continuous sound like that of a bee

b. Blow (फूँक मारना): (of a person) expel air through pursed lips

c. Lick (चाटना): pass the tongue over (something) in order to taste, moisten, or clean it.

d. Swallow (निगलना): cause or allow (something, especially food or drink) to pass down the throat

3. Hands/ fingers

a. Flick (झटका देना): strike or propel (something) with a sudden quick movement of the fingers

b. Stroke (अंगुली फेरना): move one's hand with gentle pressure over (a surface), typically repeatedly; caress

c. Wave (हाथ से इशारा करना): move one's hand to and fro in greeting or as a signal

d. Pat (थपथपाना): touch quickly and gently with the flat of the hand

e. Grab (पकड़ना): grasp or seize suddenly and roughly

4. Legs

a. Limp (लंगड़ाकर चलना): walk with difficulty, typically because of a damaged or stiff leg or foot

b. Tap (थपथपाना): having or creating a strong rhythmical musical beat

c. Kick (लात मारना) : strike or propel forcibly with the foot

d. Paddle (पानी में पैर मारना): dabble the feet or hands in water.

5. Others

a. Twitch (झटके से खींचना): give or cause to give a short, sudden jerking or convulsive movement

b. Tremble (काँपना): shake involuntarily, typically as a result of anxiety, excitement, or frailty

c. Shiver (ठिठुरना): shake slightly and uncontrollably as a result of being cold, frightened, or excited

d. Shudder (काँप उठना): (of a person) tremble convulsively, typically as a result of fear or revulsion

Emotions Vocabulary Words:

1. Angry (गुस्सा): feeling or showing strong annoyance, displeasure, or hostility

E.g. "She was angry with her boss for criticising her work."

2. Annoyed (खीजा हुआ): slightly angry; irritated

E.g. "I'm very annoyed with him. He hasn't returned any of my calls."

"She was annoyed by his comments."

3. Appalled (भयभीत): very shocked

E.g. "They were appalled to hear that they would lose their jobs."

4. Apprehensive (थोड़ा चिंतित): slightly worried

E.g. "I felt a little apprehensive before my interview."

5. Ashamed (शर्मिंदा): embarrassed or guilty because of one's actions, characteristics, or associations

E.g. "How could you say such a thing? You should be ashamed of yourself!"

6. At the end of your tether (पूरी तरह परेशान): completely fed up

E.g. "The children have been misbehaving all day – I'm at the end of my tether."

7. Bewildered (हक्का-बक्का): very confused

E.g. "He was bewildered by the choice of computers in the shop."

8. Betrayed (धोखा देना): when someone breaks the trust you have in them

E.g. "He betrayed my trust when he repeated my secret to everyone."

9. Confused (परेशान): unable to think clearly

"I'm sorry I forgot your birthday – I was confused about the dates."

10. Confident (आत्म विश्वासी): sure of your abilities

E.g. "I'm confident that we can find a solution to this problem."

11. Cheated (धोखा दिया): when you don't get something that you think you deserve

E.g. "Of course I feel cheated – I should have won that competition."

12. Cross (काफी गुस्सा): quite angry

E.g. "I was cross with him for not helping me, as he said he would."

Dental Problems Vocabulary Words:

1. Tooth decay (दांत की सड़न): also referred to as dental caries or cavities. It occurs when the bacteria in plaque is given the chance to settle on teeth.

2. Gum disease (मसूढ़े की बीमारी): a bacterial infection brought about by accumulations of plaque in the mouth.

3. Root infection (जब दांत का निचले हिस्से में बैक्टीरिया लग जाते हैं): when the root (the bottom part) of a tooth becomes infected and fills up with bacteria.

4. Enamel degradation (जब दांत बहुत मीठा या सॉफ्ट ड्रिंक पीने से पीले होने लगते हैं): characterised by very round and noticeably discoloured enamel surfaces. It occurs as a result of exposure to corrosive materials like fizzy drinks and sugary snacks.

5. Dry mouth (जब आपका मुँह जल्दी जल्दी सूखने लगता है): this condition is sometimes called xerostomia, but it is most easily recognised with the simple term ‘dry mouth.’ Unsurprisingly, it is caused by a lack of saliva in the mouth.

6. Mouth sores (मसूड़ों में घाव होना): small, shallow lesions that develop on the soft tissues in your mouth or at the base of your gums.