Types of Pizza breads:
1. Flatbread (बहुत पतली रोटी जैसा पिज़्ज़ा)- An extremely thin pizza shaped with a rolling pin. As a result the gas bubbles are forced out, causing the pizza to stay flat.
2. Cast Iron (मोटा पिज़्ज़ा) - Another thick style of pizza. Made in a cast iron pan. The pan is usually greased with lard or butter. And the edges of the crust tend to get crispy and slightly burned/caramelized.
3. Whole Wheat (जिसकी पपडी गेहूं के आटे से बनी होती है) - Crust made with whole wheat flour. Usually thin crust.
4. Multigrain (जिसकी पपडी में गेहूं और दुसरे प्रकार का आटा होता है) - Crust contains a mix of white flour and potentially other types of flour including whole wheat, millet, rye, spelt and wheat germ.
5. Thin crust (जिसकी पपड़ी बहुत ही पतली होती है) - pizza baked with especially thin or flattened dough
'Sleep' related words:
1. Crib (जिसमें बच्चे सोते हैं): a baby sleeps in a crib.
2. Cradle (पालना): a baby might sleep in a cradle, but these are not as popular as they once were due to safety concerns.
3. Bunk beds (एक के उप्पर एक पलंग): when beds are stacked on top of each other, they're referred to as bunk beds. Bunk beds save on space in a room.
4. Hammock (झूलन खटोला): a hammock is used for sleeping or resting outside. It usually hangs between two trees.
5. Sleepwalk (जब कोई इंसान नींद में चलता है): a person who walks or gets up while sleeping is said to be sleepwalking.
6. Insomnia (जिसको नींद ना आने की बीमारी होती है): a person who can't get to sleep has insomnia. This can be a mental or physical condition. Sometimes insomnia has external causes beyond a person's control.
7. Night owl (एक इंसान जिसको रात को नींद नहीं आती और वह जग कर पढ़ाई करता है जब उसे सो जाना चाहिए): a person who doesn't go to sleep at night or who works at night when he or she should be sleeping is called a night owl.
Idiomatic Similes:
1. Blind as a bat (एकदम अँधा): a sightless person.
E.g. His eyesight isn't as good as it used to be, he is as blind as a bat.
2. As good as gold (जो बहुत अच्छा व्यवहार करता हो): someone who behaves very well.
E.g. He was never any trouble to the nurses in the hospital, he was good as gold.
3. Right as rain (पूर्ण स्वस्थ): perfectly fine
E.g. Now that he is out of the hospital, he is completely fine, he is right as rain.
4. Odds and ends (टुकड़े): bits and pieces
E.g. The police found nothing special in the house of the criminal as he had taken all the important documents with him, leaving just odds and ends.
5. Ups and downs (अच्छे और बुरे अनुभव): a mixture of both good and bad experiences.
E.g. Don’t worry about the problems you have in your business. You know there are always ups and downs in business.
6. Piece of cake (कोई चीज़ जो बहुत आसानी से प्राप्त हो जाए): something that is easily achieved
E.g. You think that doing this math problem is a piece of cake? Just try to solve it.
7. To the galleries (कोई चीज़ जिसमें आप रुचि ना रखते हों): to appeal to the lower taste
E.g. To be a good orator, you don’t have to play to the galleries.
[16/02 18:21] rajrz903: Congratulating someone on their result:
1. Congratulations on the result! Uncle told me about it, all the best for your future! (Result आने पर बहुत बधाई हो! अंकल ने मुझे बताया, आपके भविष्य के लिए शुभकामनाएं!)
2. Wow! we are so proud of you, Neha! Your hard-work has finally paid off. (वाओ! हमें तुमपर गर्व है नेहा! तुम्हारी कड़ी मेहनत रंग लायी.)
3. I am so happy for you on the result and I can't wait to hear from you! Call me as soon as you can, I can't wait to express how proud I feel right now. (मैं तुम्हारे result के लिए बहुत खुश हूँ और तुमसे बात करने का इंतज़ार नहीं कर पा रही! जैसे ही हो सके मुझे कॉल करना, मैं बता नहीं सकती मुझे कितना गर्व महसूस हो रहा है.)
4. I remember the times you would only sit back at home and study when we all would hangout, or party. All those hours of burning the night oil have paid off! Well done! (मुझे याद है वो समय जब हम सब बहार पार्टी कर रहे होते थे और तुम घर पर बैठ कर पढ़ रही होती थी. वो रात भर जाग कर पढ़ना रंग लाया है. बहुत अच्छा!)
5. Very well done, Juhi! I am extremely overjoyed to see your result. All the best for your future endeavors. (बहुत अच्छा, जूही! मैं तुम्हारे result को देखकर अत्यंत खुश हूँ. तुम्हारे भविष्य के लिए शुभकामनाएं.)
6. We are glad to hear about your results, you did so well and surprised everyone. (हमें तुम्हारे रिजल्ट के बारे में सुनकर बहुत ख़ुशी हुई, तुमने इतना अच्छा किया और सबको अचरज में डाल दिया.)
7. I want to congratulate you on passing with flying colors! Good job! (इतने अच्छे नंबरों से पास होने पर मैं तुम्हें बधाई देना चाहता हूँ! बहुत अच्छा!)
Making plurals:
Singular: The cow gave birth to a calf = गाय ने एक बछड़े को जन्म दिया.
Tip. ज़्यादातर संज्ञाओं में '-s/-es' जोड़ कर बहुवचन बनता है लेकिन कुछ संज्ञाएं अनियमित बहुवचन होती है.\nइन अनियमित संज्ञाओं के अंत में '-f' और '-fe' आता है और इनका बहुवचन रूप बनाने के लिए '-f' और '-fe' को हटा कर अंत में '-ves' जोड़ा जाता है.
Plural: Cows give their calves milk every morning = गाय अपने बछड़ों को हर सुबह दूध देती है.
Tip. याद रखिये की सभी '-f' या '-fe' से खत्म होने वाली संज्ञाओं का बहुवचन ऐसे (-ves जोड़ कर) नहीं बनता, कुछ में '-s' ही लगता है.
जैसे इन शब्दों का बहुवचन '-s' लगाकर बनता है:
1. Cliff - Cliffs
2. Sniff - Sniffs
3. Roof - Roofs
4. Chief - Chiefs.
इन शब्दों का बहुवचन '-s/-ves' दोनों में से कुछ भी लगाकर बनता है:
1. Scarf - Scarfs, Scarves
2. Dwarf - Dwarfs (common), Dwarves.
Singular - Plural
1. Half - Halves
2. Knife - Knives
3. Leaf - Leaves
4. Life - Lives
5. Loaf - Loaves
6. Self - Selves
7. Shelf - Shelves
8. Thief - Thieves
9. Wife - Wives
10. Wolf - Wolves
Party terms:
1. RSVP (इसका मतलब होता है कि जिसने पार्टी रखी है आप उन्हें इंफॉर्म करें की आप पार्टी में जा पाएंगे या नहीं): It is a french term which means: please respond whether you will be attending or not
2. Venue (जहां पार्टी रखी गयी है): The place where the party is being held
3. Host (जिसने पार्टी रखी है): The person throwing the party
4. Bash (एक बड़ी पार्टी): A big party
5. Caterer (जिसे खाने का बंदोबस्त करने के लिए रखा जाता है): A person or company hired to provide and serve food, usually for a large group
6. Theme party (जिसमें लोग राखी गयी theme के आधार पर कपडे पहनते हैं): A party where people are asked to wear something specific, and the decoration is also based on the theme
Stages of Life Phrasal Verbs
a) Bring up (पाल पोस कर बड़ा करना)- raise a child.
b) Carry on (जारी रखना)- continue.
c) Name after someone (किसी बच्चे का नाम किसी घर वाले के नाम पर रखना)- name a child using another family member's name.
d) End up (किसी जगह पर जा पहुँचना)- finish at a certain place.
e) Turn to someone/something (किसी चीज़ को इस्तेमाल करने लगना या किसी चीज़ में दिलचस्पी रखने)- to begin using, doing or become interested in something.
f) Become of (किसी चीज़ का होना)- happen or occur to someone or something. "Whatever became of Sarah. I haven't seen her for years."
g) Drop out of something (छोड़ना)- quit an organized activity.
h) Wind up (समाप्त करना)- reach a place or condition, same meaning as end up.
i) Live up to something (के अनुरूप आचरण करना)- keep a standard; fulfill expectations; satisfy a goal or set of goals.
j) Take after someone (अपने परिवार में किसी के जैसा होना या दिखना)- to be like or to look like someone in your family.
Environment Vocabulary Words:
1. Biodegradable (प्राकृतिक तरीके से सड़नशील): (of a substance or object) capable of being decomposed by bacteria or other living organisms and thereby avoiding pollution.
2. Biodiversity (जैव-विविधता): the variety of plant and animal life in the world or in a particular habitat, a high level of which is usually considered to be important and desirable.
3. Biosphere (जीवमंडल): the part of the earth's atmosphere and surface in which animals and plants can live.
4. Ecology (परिस्थिति-विज्ञान): the branch of biology that deals with the relations of organisms to one another and to their physical surroundings.
5. Endangered (लुप्तप्रायः): (of a species) seriously at risk of extinction.
6. Drought (सूखा): a prolonged period of abnormally low rainfall, leading to a shortage of water.
7. Energy conservation (ऊर्जा संरक्षण): the reducing of energy consumption through using less of an energy service.
8. Global warming (भूमण्डलीय तापक्रम वृद्धि): a gradual increase in the overall temperature of the earth's atmosphere generally attributed to the greenhouse effect caused by increased levels of carbon dioxide, CFCs, and other pollutants.
Technology Phrasal Verbs:
1. Printout (एक प्रिंट किया हुआ दस्तावेज़): a printed document.
E.g. Can you please get the printout of reports?
2. Back up (किसी चीज़ की कॉपी रखना जो आपको काम आ सके यदि कोई फाइल ख़राब हो जाए तो): a copy of a file or other item of data made in case the original is lost or damaged.
E.g. We will have a power cut at 1 pm every day, keep a back up of all the files.
3. Pop up (जो आपकी स्क्रीन पर छोटे छोटे menu आते हैं): (of a menu or other utility) able to be superimposed on the screen being worked on and suppressed rapidly.
E.g. How do you disable these pop ups?
4. Hack into (अनधिकृत रूप से प्रवेश करना): break into a computer system.
E.g. He hacked into my laptop and stole the important files.
5. Scroll up (किसी text को पढ़ने के लिए स्क्रीन को ऊप्पर करना): to move slowly to the top of a text
E.g. The news story was so long I had to scroll down a lot to read it all.
6. Wipe out (सारी फाइलें हटा देना): completely erase all the files
E.g. Before you donate your computer, be sure you wipe out the hard drive.
7. Program (कंप्यूटर से कोई काम करने के लिए जो निर्देश बनाये जाते हैं): a series of instructions that make a computer perform an operation
E.g. A word processing program.
Natural Disasters:
1. Avalanche (पहाड़ से गिरता हुआ बर्फ का ढेर): a mass of snow, ice, and rocks falling rapidly down a mountainside
2. Volcanic eruption (ज्वालामुखी विस्फोट): the sudden occurrence of a violent discharge of steam and volcanic material
3. Tsunami (सुनामी): A long high sea wave caused by an earthquake, submarine landslide, or other disturbance.
4. Cyclone (बवंडर): a system of winds rotating inwards to an area of low barometric pressure, with an anticlockwise (northern hemisphere) or clockwise (southern hemisphere) circulation
5. Earthquake (भूकम्प): a sudden violent shaking of the ground, typically causing great destruction, as a result of movements within the earth's crust or volcanic action.
6. Blizzard (बर्फ़ का तूफ़ान): a severe snowstorm with high winds
7. Hailstorm (ओलों का तूफ़ान): a storm of heavy hail
8. Hurricane (तुफ़ान ; बवंडर को तुफ़ान भी कहा जा सकता है): a storm with a violent wind
9. Drought (सूखा): a prolonged period of abnormally low rainfall, leading to a shortage of water
10. Sand dune (बालू का टीला): a dune is a hill of sand built by either wind or water flow. This is common in deserts (रेगिस्तान).
11. Landslide (जमीन के एक बड़े टुकड़े का पहाड़ पर से फिसल जाना; हिल स्टेशन पर लैंडस्लाइड होना आम बात है): a collapse of a mass of earth or rock from a mountain or cliff...
Nature/Seasons Vocabulary Words:
1. Acclimate (अनुकूल होना): to adjust or adapt to a new climate, place, or situation
2. Clime (खण्ड): a place where the weather is different in a particular way
3. Equinox (रात दिन बराबर होने का समय): a day when day and night are the same length
4. Hibernal (सर्दियों का): of, relating to, or occurring in winter
5. Hibernate (सर्दियों सोते हुए या आराम करते हुए बिताना): to spend the winter sleeping or resting
6. Muggy (उमसदार): unpleasantly warm and humid
7. Sultry (गर्म और बेहवा): (of weather) uncomfortably warm and with air that is slightly wet.
8. Riverine (नदी तटीय): bordering the water
9. Serene (निर्मल): an expanse of clear sky or calm sea
10. Season (मौसम): each of the four divisions of the year (spring, summer, autumn, and winter) marked by particular weather patterns and daylight hours, resulting from the earth's changing position with regard to the sun.
11. Seasonal (ऋतु-संबंधी): happening or needed during a particular time of the year
12. Sweltering (तपता): uncomfortably hot
13. Frigid (ठंडा): very cold in temperature
14. Nippy (बहुत ठंडा): (of the weather) chilly
15. Gelid (ठंढा): icy; extremely cold
16. Marsh (दलदल): an area of low-lying land that is flooded in wet seasons or at high tide, and typically remains waterlogged at all times
Animals Vocabulary Words:
1. Antler (बारहसिंगे की सींग की एक शाखा): the horn of a deer or similar animal
2. Bridle (लगाम): a device that fits on a horse's head and that is used for guiding and controlling the horse
3. Brood (चिड़िया के बच्चे जो सब एक ही समय पर पैदा हुए): a group of young birds (such as chickens) that were all born at the same time
4. Fawn (हिरनी का बच्चा): a deer that is less than a year old
5. Feline (बिल्ली के समान): of or relating to the cat family
6. Equine (घोड़े का): of or relating to horses
7. Canine (कुत्ते का): relating to dogs
8. Bovine (गाय का): relating to cows
9. Asinine (गधे का): of, relating to, or resembling an ass
10. Leonine (सिंह का): of, relating to, or resembling a lion
11. Ursine (भालू का): of or relating to a bear or the bear family
12. Vulpine (लोमड़ी का): of, relating to, or similar to a fox...
Climate Change Vocabulary Words:
1. Abrupt Climate Change (अचानक से मौसम का बदल जाना): Sudden (on the order of decades), large changes in some major component of the climate system, with rapid, widespread effects.
2. Aerosols (किसी ठोस अथवा तरल औषधि या अन्य पदार्थ के कण): Small particles or liquid droplets in the atmosphere that can absorb or reflect sunlight depending on their composition.
3. Alternative Energy (ऊर्जा जोकि धूप या हवा जैसे स्त्रोत से मिलती है): Energy derived from nontraditional sources (e.g., compressed natural gas, solar, hydroelectric, wind).
4. Biomass (जैव ईंधन): Materials that are biological in origin, including organic material (both living and dead) from above and below ground, for example, trees, crops, grasses, tree litter, roots, and animals and animal waste.
5. Emissions (किसी प्रकार की गैस जोकि वातावरण में छोड़ी जाती है): The release of a substance (usually a gas when referring to the subject of climate change) into the atmosphere.
6. Landfill (कचरा भराव क्षेत्र): Land waste disposal site in which waste is generally spread in thin layers, compacted, and covered with a fresh layer of soil each day.
'Contemplate' Phrasal Verbs:
1. Mull over (विचार करना): to think about carefully; consider
E.g. A group of friends gathers to mull over what to do with a day off.
2. Brood over (गहराई से सोचना): to ponder morbidly or persistently
E.g. I know you're upset about failing your exam, but don't brood over it all weekend.
3. Meditate on (ध्यान से सोचना): think deeply about (something)
E.g. He went off to meditate on the new idea.
4. Muse over (विचार करना): to consider something thoughtfully
E.g. We were just now musing over Sarah and the way she has changed.
5. Aspire to (किसी चीज़ की ख्वाहिश रखना): direct one's hopes or ambitions towards achieving something.
E.g. We never thought that we might aspire to those heights.
6. Chew over (लम्बे समय तक किसी चीज़ के लिए सोचना): to think about or discuss something carefully for a long time
E.g. I've been chewing the problem over since last week...
Happy Journey WhatsApp messages:
1. I wish you well and hope to see you return healthy and happy. You'll be missed by all of us until you return. Bon voyage! (हम आपको स्वस्थ और खुश देखना चाहते हैं. हम सब आपको बहुत मिस करेंगे जब तक आप आ ना जाएँ. आपका सफर अच्छा रहे!)
2. I wish you well! Take good care of yourself over there and have a fun and enjoyable trip! (अपना ख्याल रखना और बहुत मज़े करना)
3. Heartiest greetings to you and your entire family. Have a wonderful time and enjoy your trip. Bon voyage! (आपको और आपके पूरे परिवार को बहुत शुभकामनाएं. आशा है आप बहुत अच्छा समय बिताएं. आपका सफ़र अच्छा रहे!)
4. You are a wonderful person. May the joy of this day bring sweet memories for the rest of your life! Have a safe trip back home. (आप बहुत अच्छे इंसान हैं. आपका यह दिन आपके लिए यादगार रहे! आपका सफ़र अच्छा रहे.)
5. New life, new discoveries, and many more sweet memories. May you have a fun and memorable lifetime experience! (नयी ज़िन्दगी, नयी खोज, और अनेक यादें. आप मज़े करें और आपका अनुभव यादगार रहे.)
6. I wish to send you my heartfelt greetings and wish you and your family all the best that this journey can offer. Fly safe and have a good trip! (मैं आपको और आपके परिवार को शुभकामनाएं देना चाहता हूँ और वह सब कुछ जो यह यात्रा दे सकती है. आपकी यात्रा अच्छी रहे!)
7. You're going to have a blast on your cruise - enjoy every bit of it and have a safe trip. (आपको cruise पर बहुत मज़ा आएगा - हर चीज़ का मज़ा लें और आपका ट्रिप सुरक्षित रहे.)
a. Have a blast: to have a lot of fun (बहुत मज़ा करना)
b. Bon Voyage: used to express good wishes to someone about to set off on a journey (यह तब कहा जाता है जब कोई किसी यात्रा पर जाने वाला हो)
[16/02 18:31] rajrz903: Friendship Phrasal Verbs:
1. Get along (with somebody) (एक अच्छा रिश्ता होना): to have a good relationship
E.g. I get along well with Jack.
2. A knight in shining armour (कोई जो आपको मुश्किल स्तिथि से बचाता है): someone who saves you from a difficult or dangerous situation.
E.g. Sam is my knight in shining armour!
3. Make up (किसी लड़ाई के बाद दोबारा दोस्त बन जाना): be friends again after a quarrel
E.g. Come on! I am sorry! Let's make up over a cup of coffee?
4. Birds of a feather flock together (जब दो जनों की समान दिलचस्पी हो): if two people are birds of a feather, they are very similar in many ways, so they naturally spend time together.
E.g. No wonder they get on well. They're birds of a feather!
5. See eye to eye with someone (जब आप किसी से सहमत हों): if you see eye to eye with somebody, you agree with them.
E.g. I'm glad we see eye to eye on the choice of colour scheme.
6. Know someone inside out (जब आप किसी को बहुत अच्छे से जानते हों): if you know someone inside out, you know them very well.
E.g. Sue and Anne have been friends since childhood. They know each other inside out.
Garden Tools:
1. Dibble (खुरपी): a pointed hand tool for making holes in the ground for seeds or young plants.
2. Hedge trimmer (जिससे झाड़ियाँ काटी जाती हैं): also known as shrub trimmer, or bush trimmer, is a gardening tool or machine used for trimming (cutting, pruning) hedges or solitary shrubs (bushes).
3. Rake (घास जमा करने का औज़ार): an implement equipped with projecting prongs to gather material (such as leaves) or for loosening or smoothing the surface of the ground.
4. Mattock (फावड़ा): a digging and grubbing tool with features of an adze and an ax or pick.
5. Pitchfork (काँटेदार पंजा): an agricultural tool with a long handle and tynes used to lift and pitch or throw loose material, such as hay, straw or leaves.
6. Seeder (बोने की मशीन): a machine for sowing seed mechanically
7. Shovel (बेलचा): a tool resembling a spade with a broad blade and typically upturned sides, used for moving coal, earth, snow, or other material.
8. Trowel (करनी): a small handheld tool with a curved scoop for lifting plants or earth
Fathers' Day Messages:
1. Thank you for the example you always set for me and everyone around you. Happy Fathers' Day. (मेरे और अनेक लोगों के लिए एक मिसाल बनने के लिए धन्यवाद. Fathers' Day की शुभकामनाएं.)
2. Here's wishing you a day, as cheerful as you are! Happy Fathers' Day, dad! (आपको आपके जैसा उत्साह-भरा दिन मुबारक हो! Fathers' Day की शुभकामनाएं, पापा.)
3. Thank you for being there, in times of happiness and in times of difficulties. Happy Father's Day! (ख़ुशी के पलों में और मुश्किल पलों में मेरे साथ होने के लिए शुक्रिया. Fathers' Day की शुभकामनाएं)
4. Your guiding hand on my shoulder, will remain with me forever. You're my hero! Happy Fathers' Day, daddy! (आपकी सिखायी हुई चीज़ें हमेशा मेरे साथ रहेंगी. Fathers' Day की शुभकामनाएं)
5. Your thoughts and words brighten my day! Thank you for making me believe in myself and being the best dad in the world. Happy Fathers' Day! (आपके विचार और शब्द हमेशा मेरा दिन उज्जवल बना देते हैं. मुझ में विश्वास रखने के लिए और दुनिया का सबसे अच्छा पापै होने के लिए शुक्रिया. Fathers' Day की शुभकामनाएं.)
6. Daddy, thank you is not enough to express my gratitude. Happy Fathers' Day! (मेरा आभार व्यक्त करने के लिए 'शुक्रिया' बहुत नहीं है पापा. Fathers' Day की शुभकामनाएं.)
7. Today, I want to let you know that I love you dad. You’re one of a kind. Happy Fathers’ day! (आज, मैं आपको यह बताना चाहता हूँ कि मैं आपसे प्यार करता हूँ पापा. आप अनोखे हैं. Fathers' Day की शुभकामनाएं.)
8. I know many superheroes! But you will always be my first! Happy Fathers' Day! (मैं बहुत से superheroes को जानते हैं! लेकिन आप हमेशा मेरे पहले रहेंगे!Fathers' Day की शुभकामनाएं.)
We use these words and phrases to express a personal point of view:
1. In my experience... (मेरे अनुभव में)
E.g. In my experience, people generally smile back if you smile at them.
2. As far as I'm concerned...(जहाँ तक मेरी बात आती है)
E.g. As far as I'm concerned the issue is over and done with.
3. Speaking for myself...(मेरी बात करें तो)
E.g. Speaking for myself, I did not like the food at all.
4. In my opinion...(मेरी राय में)
E.g. In my opinion, we should sit inside.
5. Personally, I think...(व्यक्तिगत रूप से, मुझे लगता है)
E.g. Personally, I think the restaurant would have been a better choice than a cafe.
6. I'd say...(मैं कहूँगा)
E.g. I'd say go with the red one.
7. I'd suggest that...(मैं सुझाव दूंगा कि)
E.g. I'd suggest that you visit a doctor.
8. I'd like to point out that...(मैं यह बोलना चाहूँगा कि)
E.g. I'd like to point out that my phone has better features.
9. I believe that...(मेरा यह मानना है)
E.g. I believe that we should take the train by 6pm.
10. What I mean is...(मेरा मतलब यह है कि)
E.g. What I mean is, this needs a lot of practice.
Proverbs:
1. Two wrongs don't make a right (जब कोई आपके साथ कुछ गलत करता है तो उससे बदला लेने से चीज़ें और बिगड़ती हैं): When someone has done something bad to you, trying to get revenge will only make things worse.
2. The pen is mightier than the sword (ज़बरदस्ती करने से बेहतर है लोगों को शब्दों और ideas से समझाना): Trying to convince people with ideas and words is more effective than trying to force people to do what you want.
3. When in Rome, do as the Romans (जब आप कहीं देखें कि लोग आपसे कुछ अलग चीज़ें करते हैं तो आप उन्हीं की तरह बर्ताव करें): Act the way that the people around you are acting. This phrase might come in handy when you're traveling abroad notice that people do things differently than you're used to.
4. The squeaky wheel gets the grease (यदि आप शिकायत नहीं करेंगे तो कोई आपकी मदद नहीं करेगा): You can get better service if you complain about something. If you wait patiently, no one's going to help you.
5. When the going gets tough, the tough get going (जब चीज़ें मुश्किल हो जाती हैं तब दृढ लोग उनका सामना करते हैं): Strong people don't give up when they come across challenges. They just work harder.
6. No man is an island (आप अकेले नहीं रह सकते, हर किसी को किसी न किसी की मदद की ज़रुरत होती है): You can't live completely independently. Everyone needs help from other people.
7. Fortune favors the bold (जो लोग साहसिक होते हैं वे ज़्यादा सफल होते हैं): People who bravely go after what they want are more successful than people who try to live safely.
Names of fishes:
1. Shark (शार्क): a long-bodied chiefly marine fish with a cartilaginous skeleton
2. Shrimp (झींगा): a small shellfish that has a long body and legs and that is eaten as food
3. King Fish (बड़ी मछली जोकि खाई जा सकती है): a small silvery food and sport fish
4. Cat fish (एक मछली जिसकी बिल्ली जैसी मूछें होती हैं): stout-bodied scaleless bony fishes
5. Butter fish (एक मछली जिसकी त्वचा बहुत चिकनी होती है): bony fishes with a slippery coating of mucus
6. Barracuda (एक मछली जिसके मज़बूत मसूड़े और बहुत पैने दांत होते हैं): a kind of fierce tropical fish that has strong jaws and sharp teeth
7. Pomfret (एक मछली जोकि चौड़ी होती है और जिसका शरीर बड़ा होता है): a silvery deep-bodied marine food fish
8. Ribbon Fish (एक मछली जिसके सर पर ribbon जैसा कुछ होता है): A fish with ribbon-like fin arising from behind the head
9. Emperor Fish (एक मछली जिसका तितली के जैसा रंग होता है): a large brilliantly colored edible butterfly fish
10. Lady fish (चाँदी के रंग की बड़ी मछली जिसकी हड्डियाँ होती हैं): a large silvery bony fish
11. Cod (एक बड़ी मछली जोकि Atlantic Ocean के गेहरे हिस्सों में पायी जाती है): a large fish found in the deep colder parts of the northern Atlantic Ocean and often used for food
12. Anchovies (एक छोटी मछली जिसकी खुशबू बहुत तेज़ होती है और वो नमक और तेल में संरक्षित करी जाती है): a small shoaling fish of commercial importance as a food fish and as bait. It is strongly flavoured and is usually preserved in salt and oil.
13. Little Tunny (एक Tuna मछली जोकि Atlantic Ocean में पायी जाती है): the most common tuna in the Atlantic Ocean.
14. Red Snapper (एक लाल रंग की मछली): a reddish marine fish which is of commercial value as a food fish
15. Sardines (एक बहुत छोटी मछली जोकि खाई जाती है और कैन में पैक होती है): a very small fish that is used for food and is usually packed in a can..
Dog Breeds:
1. Pug (एक बौना कुत्ता जिसका झुर्रियों वाला मुह होता है): a dog of a dwarf breed like a bulldog with a broad flat nose and deeply wrinkled face
2. Siberian Husky (जिसकी मोटी fur coat जैसी चमड़ी होती है और triangle shape के कान होते हैं): it is recognizable by its thickly furred double coat, erect triangular ears, and distinctive markings.
3. Labrador (यह कुत्ता अक्सर किसी को गाइड करने के काम आता है): a retriever of a breed that most typically has a black or yellow coat, widely used as a gun dog or as a guide for a blind person.
4. Dalmatian (एक बड़ा कुत्ता जिसके शरीर पर spots होते हैं): a dog of a large, white short-haired breed with dark spots.
5. German Shepherd (यह कुत्ते अक्सर किसी मकान या पुलिस काम में इस्तेमाल होता है): a large, brown and black dog, often used for guarding buildings and in police work
6. Beagle (एक छोटा कुत्ता जोकि खरगोश का शिखार करने के काम आता है): a small hound of a breed with a short coat, used for hunting hares.
7. Rottweiler (एक बड़ा शक्तिशाली कुत्ता जोकि काले भूरे रंग का होता है): a large powerful dog of a tall black-and-tan breed.
8. Poodle (एक कुत्ता जिसकी चमड़ी पर घुंघराले बाल होते हैं): a dog of a breed (of which there are several varieties) with a curly coat that is often ornamentally clipped.
9. Bull dog (बडा चौडे मुंह का कुत्ता): a compact muscular short-haired dogs having widely separated forelegs and an undershot lower jaw that were developed in England to fight bulls.
10. Chihuahua (एक छोटा कुत्ता जो अक्सर मेक्सिको में पाया जाता है): a very small dog of a smooth-haired large-eyed breed originating in Mexico
'Clean' Synonyms:
1. Spotless - निष्कलंक
E.g. A spotless white apron.
2. Unsoiled - बेदाग
E.g. She looked fresh and her uniform was unsoiled.
3. Unstained - साफ़-सुथरा
E.g. His unstained jeans.
4. Unsullied - स्वच्छ
E.g. An unsullied reputation.
5. Unblemished - बेदाग
E.g. Her body was perfectly formed and unblemished.
6. Pristine - नया जैसा, बेदाग़
E.g. Pristine copies of an early magazine.
7. Dirt-free - मैल से मुक्त
E.g. We were roaming on dirt-free streets.
8. Sanitary - स्वच्छ
E.g. The most convenient and sanitary way to get rid of food waste from your kitchen.
9. Disinfected - कीटाणुरहित
E.g. He disinfected and dressed the cut on his forehead.
10. Sterilized - रोगाणुहीन
E.g. Babies' feeding equipment can be cleaned and sterilized.
11. Decontaminated - शुद्ध
E.g. They tried to decontaminate nearby villages.
Government vocabulary:
1. Amendment (प्रस्ताव आदि में संशोधन): a minor change or addition designed to improve a text, piece of legislation, etc.
2. Federal (केंद्रीय शासन से संबंधित): having or relating to a system of government in which several states form a unity but remain independent in internal affairs.
3. Bi-lateral (द्विपक्षी): involving two parties, especially countries
4. Bureaucracy (दफ्तरशाही): a system of government in which most of the important decisions are taken by state officials rather than by elected representatives.
5. Cabinet (मंत्रिमण्डल): the committee of senior ministers responsible for controlling government policy.
6. Jurisdiction (क्षेत्राधिकार): the official power to make legal decisions and judgements.
7. Constitution (संविधान): a body of fundamental principles or established precedents according to which a state or other organization is acknowledged to be governed.
8. Constituency (निर्वाचन-क्षेत्र): a group of voters in a specified area who elect a representative to a legislative body.
9. Electorate (निर्वाचन-क्षेत्र): all the people in a country or area who are entitled to vote in an election.
10. Impeachment (दोषारोपण): the action of calling into question the integrity or validity of something
Goodbye Vocabulary:
1. To see (somebody) off (किसी को अलविदा कहना): to accompany somebody to the point of departure for a trip and say goodbye upon departure
2. To be sorely missed (किसी को बहुत याद करना): to really miss someone
'Sorely' is used to emphasize that a feeling such as disappointment or need is very strong.
3. A send-off (अलविदा कहते समय किसी को प्यार दिखाना): a demonstration of affection when saying goodbye to someone - sometimes a party
4. To go for good (हमेशा के लिए चले जाना): to leave permanently
5. To stay in touch (संपर्क में रहना): keep in contact
6. To lose touch (with somebody) (संपर्क में न रहना): to no longer communicate with someone
Ways to say goodbye:
1. So long (किसी जगह या इंसान से दूर जाना): a greeting used when leaving or departing from a person or place.
2. Farewell (जब आप कहीं से जा रहे हों तो 'Farewell' कह सकते हैं): used to express good wishes on parting.
3. See you later (किसी को अलविदा कहते समय आप 'See you later' कह सकते हैं): said when parting from someone.
4. Take care (किसी को अलविदा कहते समय आप 'Take care' कह सकते हैं): said to someone on leaving them.
5. See you later, alligator:
The expression is "See you later, Alligator," to which you should answer, "After while, Crocodile!" It's a fun way of saying goodbye. (यह तब इस्तेमाल किया जाता है जब आप किसी को अनौपचारिक तरीके से अलविदा कहना चाहते हों)
Fitness Words:
1. Spot (जब व्यायाम करते समय कोई किसी की मदद करता है): When someone assists another person with an exercise. E.g. “Can you spot me?” or “I need a spotter.”
2. Rep (जब एक ही कसरत आप दोहराते हैं): Short for repetitions. This is how many times you do a single exercise in a row.
E.g. “I did shoulder presses for 12 reps at that weight”.
3. Super Set (बिना रुके एक के बाद एक बहुत सारी कसरतें करना): Refers to a combination of complimentary exercises done back to back in one “super set” with little to no rest.
E.g. “I did a super set of shoulder presses and lateral raises”
4. Circuit (अलग-अलग प्रकार की कसरतें जोकि बिना रुके करी जाती हैं): This is a series of different exercises that are performed back to back with little to no rest.
5. Ripped (जब किसी के शरीर में चर्बी कम हो और शरीर बहुत अच्छा दिखता हो): Someone is ripped when they have very low body fat and muscle separation is visible and defined.
E.g. “That guys is ripped!”
6. Cut (जब किसी के शरीर पर अच्छे से मांसपेशियां दिखती हों): Refers to the sharp lines of definition around muscles.
E.g. “I can see the cuts in your legs.”
7. Lean Mass (आपकी मांसपेशियां कितनी हैं): Refers to the amount of muscle you have.
8. BMR (जब आप कुछ नहीं कर रहे होते तब आपकी कितनी कैलोरीज बर्न होती हैं): Basal Metabolic Rate, which is the amount of calories you burn at rest.
9. Intervals (जब आप थोड़े समय के लिए कम तीव्रता पर कसरत करते हैं और फिर ज़्यादा तीव्रता पे): Interval training is when you train at a low intensity for a period of time, followed by a high intensity.
Describe Someone's Personality:
1. Affectionate (स्नेही): someone who is very loving
E.g. My boyfriend is very affectionate.
2. Ambitious (महत्त्वाकांक्षी): a person who is keen to get on in life.
E.g. Neha is very ambitious. She is hoping to be promoted soon.
3. Artistic (कलात्मक): someone who is good at creative things, such as painting and drawing.
E.g. Sam is very artistic. She is really good at drawing.
4. Creative (रचनात्मक): someone who is an original thinker, or who has artistic skills.
E.g. Mona is very creative, she is always coming up with new ideas.
5. Courageous (साहसिक): someone who is very brave.
E.g. Abdul is a fireman. He is very courageous.
6. Dependable (निर्भर रहने योग्य): someone who is very reliable.
E.g. Ruth is very dependable. She always keeps her promises.
Business Phrasal Verbs:
1. Drum up (लोगों का ध्यान केंद्रित करके कोई चीज़ हासिल करना): to obtain something by attracting people's attention to one's need or cause.
E.g. You shall have to drum up new business by advertising.
2. Bail out (इस्तीफा देना): to resign or leave; to get free of someone or something.
E.g. Albert bailed just before he got fired.
3. Fall through (किसी चीज़ का ना होना): to not happen
E.g. Our meeting for the weekend fell through.
4. Close down (व्यापार बंद करना): cease or cause to cease business or operation, especially permanently.
E.g. We had to close down because the revenue model wasn't great.
5. Cash In On (किसी चीज़ का फायदा उठाना): take advantage of or capitalize on
E.g. His hotel is cashing in on the area's upcoming malls.
6. Draw up (किसी चीज़ को लिखित में देना): To draw up an agreement, a contract, a list, etc. means to compose the document and put it in written form.
E.g. They agreed to draw up a formal agreement.
7. Zero In On (किसी चीज़ पर ध्यान देना): to focus closely on it.
E.g. We’ve tried a lot of strategies, but we need to zero in on what’s actually working.
Words to describe transport and travel:
1. Pull over (गाड़ी रोड के एक तरफ खड़ी कर लेना): (of a vehicle) move to the side of or off the road.
E.g. To resolve the fight between the two truck drivers, the policeman pulled over his vehicle.
2. A commute (to commute) (यात्रा जो आप काम पर जाने के लिए करते हैं): the journey to work
E.g. He commutes to work by car.
3. Contraflow (जब लोग उलटी तरफ से आने लगते हैं): a temporary arrangement where traffic on a road is transferred from its usual side to share the other half of the carriageway with traffic moving in the opposite direction.
E.g. Contraflow is sometimes the main reason of traffic jam in city area.
4. To beat the traffic (किसी जगह के लिए जल्दी निकलना ताकि ट्रैफिक से बचे रहे): to leave somewhere earlier than others in order to avoid the traffic at the peak times of the day.
E.g. I am going to leave at 6am to beat the traffic.
5. Rush hour (जब ट्रैफिक बहुत ज़्यादा होता है): a time during each day when traffic is at its heaviest.
E.g. Hey, we should stay for a while. These are rush hours, let us enjoy the music for some more time.
6. Congestion (जब बहुत भीड़ होती है और आपको जाने का रास्ता नहीं मिलता): when it becomes difficult to find a way and move ahead because of huge traffic, there is supposed to be a congestion.
E.g. In village areas, movements of the cattle in the middle of the road often creates congestion.
7. Gridlock (जब बहुत ज़्यादा ट्रैफिक हो): a situation of very severe traffic congestion.
E.g. Gridlock is the main problem of traffic jam on Sunday evenings and festival times.
Mobile Phones Vocabulary Words:
1. Cut off (फ़ोन काट देना): to interrupt a telephone conversation
2. Get through (किसी से फ़ोन पर बात करने में सफल होना): to succeed in speaking to somebody on the telephone
3. Hang on (थोड़े समय के लिए इंतज़ार करना): to wait for a short time
4. Hang up (फ़ोन पर बातचीत बंद करना): to end a telephone conversation and put the phone down
5. Call back (दोबारा फ़ोन करना): to telephone somebody again or in return
6. Pick up (फ़ोन का जवाब देना): to answer a telephone call
7. Put through (किसी से फ़ोन पर जुड़ना): to connect by telephone
8. Speak up (ऊंचा बोलना): to speak louder
9. Break up (फ़ोन पर आवाज़ ना आना): to become inaudible over the telephone
10. Hold on (थोड़े समय के लिए इंतज़ार करना): to wait for a short time
Character Traits (चरित्र लक्षण):
1. Humble (विनम्र): marked by meekness or modesty; not arrogant or prideful
2. Brave (बहादुर): possessing or displaying courage
3. Courageous (साहसिक): able to face and deal with danger or fear without flinching
4. Serious (गंभीर): of great consequence
5. Resourceful (उपायकुशल): adroit or imaginative
6. Stubborn (ज़िद्दी): tenaciously unwilling to yield
7. Loyal (वफ़ादार): steadfast in allegiance or duty
8. Gullible (जल्दी बातों में आ जाने वाला
): naive and easily deceived or tricked
9. Selfish (स्वार्थी): concerned chiefly with your own advantage
10. Generous (उदार): willing to give and share unstintingly
11. Self-confident (आत्मविश्वासी): showing poise and assurance in your own worth
12. Respectful (आदरकारी): exhibiting an attitude of admiration or esteem
13. Considerate (दूसरों का ध्यान रखने वाला): showing concern for the rights and feelings of others
14. Imaginative (कल्पनाशील): marked by independence and creativity in thought or action
15. Brilliant (प्रतिभाशाली): full of light; shining intensely
16. Creative (रचनात्मक): having the ability or power to make something
17. Independent (आत्मनिर्भर): free from external control and constraint
18. Carefree (चिंता मुक्त): free of trouble and worry and care
19. Studious (अध्ययनशील): characterized by diligent learning and fondness for reading
20. Intelligent (बुद्धिमान): having the capacity for thought and reason to a high degree
21. Honest (ईमानदार): marked by truth
Types of Tea:
1. Oolong (एक गहरे रंग की चाय जोकि अक्सर चीन में पायी जाती है): a kind of dark-coloured China tea made by fermenting the withered leaves to about half the degree usual for black teas.
2. Earl grey (जिसमें एक फल जैसा स्वाद आता है - यह पहल नाशपाती जैसा होता है): a kind of China tea flavoured with bergamot.
3. Black tea (बिना दूध की चाय): tea served without milk.
4. Green tea (एक चाय जोकि हलकी सी कड़वी होती है और उसकी पत्तियां हल्की सी पीली होती हैं): tea made from unfermented leaves that is pale in colour and slightly bitter in flavour, produced mainly in China and Japan.
5. Herbal tea (एक गरम चाय जोकि स्वाद वाली जड़ी बूटियों से बनी होती है): a hot drink made with or flavoured with herbs.
6. Yellow tea (यह ग्रीन टी जैसे ही बनती है लेकिन हलकी पीली दिखती है): It is produced similarly to green tea, but with an added step of being steamed under a damp cloth after oxidation, giving the leaves a slightly yellow colouring.
7. Fermented tea (एक चाय जिसका बहुत सालों तक विक्षोभ किया गया हो): Fermented tea (also known as post-fermented tea or dark tea) is a class of tea that has undergone microbial fermentation, from several months to many years.
8. Matcha (green tea का सा पाउडर जिसे गरम पानी में मिला कर चाय बनायी जाती है): powdered green tea leaves, dissolved in hot water to make tea or used as a flavouring.
9. Chamomile (Chamomile के सूखे फूलों से बनी चाय): an infusion of dried flowers of sweet Chamomile.
10. Iced tea (एक ठंडी चाय जोकि बिना दूध के बनायीं जाती है, अक्सर इसमें नींबू भी मिलाया जाता है स्वाद के लिए): a chilled drink of sweetened tea without milk, typically flavoured with lemon.
Different kind of drinks:
1. Punch: (एक विशेष प्रकार का शरबत जो फलों के रस, मदिरा और मसालों से बनती है.) a drink made from wine or spirits mixed with water, fruit juices, spices, etc., and typically served hot.
2. Smoothie: (एक गाढ़ा मिश्रण जिसमें, दही, दूध, फल, आइस क्रीम आदि होता है.)a thick, smooth drink of fresh fruit pureed with milk, yogurt, or ice cream.
3. Shake: (एक गाढ़ा मिश्रण जिसमें, दूध, फल, आइस क्रीम आदि होता है.)short for milkshake
4. Sangria: (एक प्रकार का मिश्रण जिसमें, मदिरा, नींबूपानी, फल, मसाले आदि होते हैं.)a Spanish drink of red wine mixed with lemonade, fruit, and spices.
5. Cooler: (एक प्रकार का मिश्रण जिसमें, मदिरा, फलों का रस, सोडा पानी, आदि होता है.).a long drink, especially a mixture of wine, fruit juice, and soda water.
6. Ale: (काली कड़वी मदिरा ) any of various types of beer, usually one that is dark and bitter.
Types of Coffee:
1. Brewed or Filtered: (एक प्रकार की कॉफी जिसमें गरम पानी को भुनी हुई कॉफी में डाला जाता है.) Drip-brewed, or filtered, coffee is brewed by hot water passing slowly over roasted, ground coffee beans contained in a filter.
2. Moka: (इसमें गरम पानी को भाप के दबाव से पिसी हुई कॉफी से पास किया जाता है.) Moka coffee is coffee brewed with a moka pot, a stovetop coffee maker which produces coffee by passing hot water pressurized by steam through ground coffee at a lower pressure than an espresso maker.
3. Espresso is brewed by using an espresso machine to force a small amount of nearly boiling water and steam – about 86 to 95 °C (187 to 203 °F) – under pressure through finely ground and compacted coffee. (Expresso coffee को Expresso machine में बनाया जाता है. इसमें उबलते हुए पानी या भाप को दबाव से पिसी हुई कॉफी से पास किया जाता है.)
4. Breve: Espresso made with a steamed mixture of half milk and half cream (i.e., half and half) (Espresso जो आधे दूध और आधे क्रीम से बनाया जाता है.)
5. Cappuccino is a coffee-based drink prepared with espresso, hot milk, and steamed milk foam. (Cappuccino espresso गरम दूध और steamed milk foam से बनया जाता है.)
6. A latte is an espresso and steamed milk,[50][51] generally in a 1:3 to 1:5 ratio of espresso to milk, with a little foam on top. (Latte, espresso और steamed milk से बनता है.)
7. Mocha or café mocha or mochaccino: A café mocha is a variant of a caffè latte. Like a latte, it is typically one third espresso and two thirds steamed milk, but a portion of chocolate is added, typically in the form of a chocolate syrup. (इसमें espresso और steamed milk के साथ थोड़ी chocolate syrup के रूप में मिलायी जाती है.)
8. Frappé: a foam-covered iced coffee drink made from spray-dried instant coffee. (Foam से बनी हुई एक प्रकार की ठण्डी कॉफ़ी जोकि spray-dried instant coffee से बनती है.)
9. Decaf: A decaffeination process removes caffeine from coffee beans to lower the caffeine content. Decaffeinated coffee, sometimes known as "decaf," may be drunk as regular brewed coffee, instant, espresso, or as a mix of regular caffeine beans and decaffeinated beans. (बिना caffeine वाली coffee.)
